Organizational Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Organizational Transformation - Essay Example The management at Bombardier believes that leading change involves having the ability to deliver the message of change in both words and actions, and in being able to motivate people to change. To lead change, the leaders must first understand the change necessary and then they need to role model the change. This case study evaluates the change leadership adopted by the top management at Bombardier and how the company transformed itself into an employer of choice. Organizational background Canada’s Bombardier, established in 1942, initially started manufacturing snow/winter equipments. In the 1960s, they started making snowmobiles and similar equipment which boosted company revenues to a large extent. During this period the people were all trained, motivated and made to speed up. The growth in sales during that period reached $200 million and they made profits as well (Baghai et al, 1997). Following the energy crisis in 1973 when the demand for snowmobiles declined, Bombardier , led by Laurent Beaudoin gradually diversified into trains and airplanes (Connell, 2007). It entered the aerospace industry in the 1980s and today it is the world’s largest train manufactures and ranks third in civil aircraft (Simpson, 2011). They differentiated themselves in the industry by offering a family of products with capacities of 30 to 70 seats in turbo props and 50 to 70 in jets (Baghai et al, 1997). They could thus match the size of the plane to the needs of a particular route and this strategy helped them save money through standardized training, maintenance and parts. They also entered into joint ventures for business aircrafts in other parts of the... Canada’s Bombardier, established in 1942, initially started manufacturing snow/winter equipment. In the 1960s, they started making snowmobiles and similar equipment which boosted company revenues to a large extent. During this period the people were all trained, motivated and made to speed up. The growth in sales during that period reached $200 million and they made profits as well (Baghai et al, 1997). Following the energy crisis in 1973 when the demand for snowmobiles declined, Bombardier, led by Laurent Beaudoin gradually diversified into trains and airplanes (Connell, 2007). It entered the aerospace industry in the 1980s and today it is the world’s largest train manufactures and ranks third in civil aircraft (Simpson, 2011). They differentiated themselves in the industry by offering a family of products with capacities of 30 to 70 seats in turboprops and 50 to 70 in jets (Baghai et al, 1997). They could thus match the size of the plane to the needs of a particular r oute and this strategy helped them save money through standardized training, maintenance, and parts. They also entered into joint ventures for business aircrafts in other parts of the world. They went in for acquisition when they felt it would strengthen their competitive position. At each stage, they do not sit back and keep assessing the business situations, their growth, and direction. They keep an eye open for new opportunities that may arise, which is a typical entrepreneurial characteristic – OR – opportunity recognition.

September 1913 Essay Example for Free

September 1913 Essay Unlike some of his earlier work, this poem adopts a new tone and style which expresses a hatred for the Catholic Bourgeoisie. [2] Yeats new use of unpleasant adjectives such as greasy is very much indicative of the tone, as he expresses that religion and the middle class is crafty and sly. Moreover, the use of the strong ABAB rhyme scheme maintains a spiteful and accusatory tone. The poem focuses on manifesting Yeats new stance of belief exploring his new political mind and celebrating those, whom he believes worth of praise. Notably, in all four of the refrains, Yeats mentions John OLeary, who was an Irish separatist of a different kind. His political stance was much less self-interested, compared with many of Yeats contemporaries, as he instead focused on getting the greatest good for Ireland. It is clear through the poem, Yeats admires this and wishes for a return to the less egotistical and self-driven politics of a bygone era. 3] Yeats does, however, appear to question whether these great historical figures, whom he admired and previously emulated in the style of his earlier work, are comprehensive in their understanding of the world in which they lived. Yeats wrote this poem following the Dublin Lock-Out and The Hugh Lane Bequest. Robert Emmet, mentioned in the poem, planned for a revolution several times, unsuccessfully. When he was finally successful, he was said to try and stop everything mid-rebellion, because he witnessed a man being pulled from his horse and killed. Considering that Emmet had spent months previously manufacturing explosives and weapons, this sudden drawback at the sight of violence, suggests that he did not fully understand the implications of a revolution. Perhaps Yeats is acknowledging the naivety of some Irish Republican figures like Robert Emmet, and himself, following public violence as a result of attempts at revolution.

Proposal To Implement Supply Chain Management Program Essay -- SCM ERP

Project Proposal Sheet 1.0 Idea HANA KIMI CO. would like to adopt an online Supply Chain Management System (SCM) whereby the customers may buy company's products online via company's website and able to track the status of the order including the availability of the stocks by integrating the Online Sales System with the company's Inventory, Manufacturing and Production System. 2.0 Type of Project √ Revenue Generating √ Cost Savings 3.0 Type of System Horizontal: The implementation of the online SCM will involve the operational level only Vertical: The following functions will be integrated: * Manufacturing and Production System * Sales and Marketing System * Inventory System 4.0 Business Imperative To perfectly match the supply side activities of procurement, production planning, distribution planning, production allocation, warehouse planning, inventory planning and so forth with the demand side activities of incoming orders and forecasts so that all demands are met with the least cost and most convenience, and as the initial step for the implementation of Enterprise Resource System (ERP). 5.0 Benefits The online SCM system and ERP support various business strategies for competitive advantage over other companies, among others: Support business strategy, and provide E-Business benefits. 5.1 Support Business Strategy At the business level, this system helps the company to: • Reduce operating costs The system attempts to integrate business processes across departments onto a single enterprise-wide information system. The major benefits are improved coordination across functional departments and increased efficiencies of doing business. The immediate benefit from implementing ERP systems w... ...e shared among various business functions, thereby resulting in tremendous cost savings and increased efficiency. When making the implementation decision, management must considered fundamental issues such as the organization's readiness for a dramatic change, the degree of integration, key business processes to be implemented, e-business applications to be included, and whether or not new hardware need to be acquired. In order to increase the chance of user acceptance, employees must be consulted and be involved in all stages of the implementation process. Providing proper education and appropriate training are also two important strategies to increase the end user acceptance rate. The organization is also going through a drastic change, with changes in the way businesses are conducted, the organization being restructured, and job responsibilities being redefined.

Earning Gap between men and women Essay -- essays research papers

Earnings Gap   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Earnings gap by gender can be explained by several different theories. Varying on the individual views/opinions some theories may make more sense than others. In my opinion the one theory that best explains this gap between genders is the occupational segregation. There are some occupations that are female, and others that are male.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the explanations for this is the discontinuity of the female participation/attachment in labor force. During their labor force participation, women would need to take time off for child bearing. In order to ensure that she still has a job when she comes back, she needs to choose a job with general skill level. As a result, the jobs that require only a general skill level and not a ...

Use of Alliteration, Assonance, and Cacophony

Candice Scheffing, a student a New Mexico Tech, not to long ago sent an email to the Clark112-list on the subject of gender. She had analyzed an essay by James Q. Wilson called â€Å"Gender† for his use of rhetorical strategies. Many rhetorical strategies can be seen in the email. The rhetorical strategies that can be found are alliteration, assonance, and cacophony. The major rhetorical strategy that Scheffing used was alliteration. The use of alliteration by Scheffing serves to be quite effective in email because it allows her to point out the use of rhetorical strategies by Wilson in his essay.An example of alliteration used by Scheffing is, â€Å"A number of examples are obvious through the first few paragraphs of the essay† (1). The alliteration can be seen in the words â€Å"first† and â€Å"few. † Another sample of alliteration in Scheffing’s work can be seen in this sentence, â€Å"This reference to nature as having human characteristics is a personification† (1). The use of alliteration in this sentence can be seen in the beginning sounds of â€Å"having† and â€Å"human† that are in a series.A final example of alliteration in Scheffing’s email is, â€Å"This statement seems most disturbing to anyone who would read it because it either doesn’t make sense, or is believed to be completely wrong† (1). The alliteration can be noticed in the series of words; â€Å"statement,† â€Å"seems,† â€Å"who,† and â€Å"would. † The use of alliteration by Scheffing serves as probably her most useful use of rhetorical strategies. Another rhetorical strategy used by Candice is assonance. Assonance does not serve as a major source of rhetorical strategies, but it still is present in her email.The use of assonance keeps the readers attention somewhat because the email begins to sound like a rhyme as it is read. The first example of assonance in Scheffing’s ema il is, â€Å"It becomes interesting that ‘nature’ can ‘play tricks’ on humankind† (1). The use of assonance can be seen in the same sounds of â€Å"nature,† â€Å"play,† â€Å"can,† and â€Å"humankind. † A second example of assonance in the email is, â€Å"Two contrasting words, ‘essential’ and ‘useless’ are in the same sentence referring to the same group of people: males† (Scheffing, 1).The assonance is evident in these sounds of â€Å"same† and â€Å"males. † The third example of assonance I have seen in Scheffing’s email is, â€Å"These three forms of rhetoric, personification, antithesis and logos are each very important keys to the effectiveness of Wilson’s essay† (1). The use of the words â€Å"these,† â€Å"three,† â€Å"rhetoric,† â€Å"forms,† and â€Å"important† serve as examples of assonance in the email. Th e final rhetorical strategy employed by Scheffing is cacophony. Candice Scheffing uses another rhetorical strategy, cacophony, to harshly get her point across in her email.According to the website created by Ross Scaife, â€Å"A Glossary of Rhetorical Terms with Examples,† the meaning of â€Å"Cacophony: [is] harsh joining of sounds† (1). An example of Scheffing’s use of cacophony is, â€Å"It strikes more interest in the reader because they want to discover what Wilson is talking about when he says that males are both ‘essential’ and ‘useless’† (1). Another illustration of cacophony can be seen in this sentence, â€Å"It let’s the reader know that he has done his homework on the subject and is prepared to defend his side of the argument† (1).As shown in the previous example, Scheffing uses harsh sounds such as â€Å"s,† â€Å"d,† â€Å"e,† and â€Å"t† as a way to keep the readers attent ion. Candice Scheffing uses the rhetorical strategies of alliteration, assonance, and cacophony to illustrate her point in her email. The point that Scheffing is trying to prove is that Wilson used rhetorical strategies such as personification, antithesis, and logos in his essay. The use of rhetorical strategies in Scheffing’s email allows her to keep the reader interested in the subject and realize through examples what the subject of her email is all about.

Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Essays

Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Essays Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Paper Body Shop PLC Unilever PLC Paper The Body Shop and Unilever are unmistakably one of the leading international companies providing a wide range of products including but not limited to beauty products or what is commonly known as cosmetic products. And while beauty products are becoming increasingly popular, owing to frequent media exposure the public has contested the use of animal testing in the manufacturing of such products. ‘Animal testing’ in its’ simplest sense, means that animals are being used for the testing of a product during its development. This is usually done in improving products already in the market, though it also applies in the formulation of newer market products. Unavoidably, the animals being used are harmed in the process and deaths of these animals are an accepted reality (Animal testing, 2007). The Body Shop advocates one of it’s’ core values to be against animal testing- that is, the organization believes that carrying out these tests on animals is immoral and not necessary and should also be prohibited (Our Values: Against Animal Testing, 2007). However, in the similar website it was stated that campaigns against animal testing have been done since 1998 until the year 2002 but these bans were postponed due to the fact that alternative testing procedures are not properly identified as meeting the standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). In response to this, The Body Shop finds such as ‘totally unacceptable’ along with their partners in animal protection groups. Their official website did not however, discuss extensively about their alternative tests; they have only stated that the company is able to choose from over 8,000 ingredients which should be able to create their products. According to them the materials have already been used in many safe applications and a lot of the ingredients could be found in native preparations used for generations. These ingredients however, were not sufficiently mentioned or explained and as such there could be no basis in determining whether the ingredients could be really alternatives to animal testing or are just derivatives from animals and the like. In terms of adopted measures to combat animal testing wherein there was insufficient discussion on their alternative testing methods, it was only said that in developing their products they use irritection, a substitute for the rabbit eye test and they also employ human volunteers for skin patch tests. Contrary to The Body Shop, Unilever which is also a leading home-product and cosmetic firm states in its official website the eventual need for testing on animals (Unilevers policy on animal testing, 2007). Generally, they explain that in cases where no other means may be possible to test or ensure the safety of their products (for instance, there are regulatory bodies which demand for testing of finished products, in some countries this may actually be the law), only then will animal testing be used. In the midst of such dilemmas, Unilever similarly seeks alternative ways for animal testing or reduction of it. In their website, it was mentioned that the company has been active in finding alternative approaches to animal testing by spearheading a program. The company claims that they have been very effective at reducing the quantity of animal testing done although by how much percent has the company been really effective we do not know. Researches were also conducted though it is not directly stated whether regarding these researches are about animal testing itself and more than 50 papers are said to have been published in the course of the last five years in a peer-reviewed scientific literature. Mention of this peer-reviewed scientific literature however (perhaps a journal), was absent. There also appears to be no such peer-reviewed literature that is in their website’s library. So the issue on animal testing has already been presented from the official websites of these two companies themselves. Inasmuch that both are sympathetic to the cause of protecting animal rights, it appears that both are lacking solid evidences in their efforts against the use of animal testing. It is however, substantial to study this issue from other perspectives as well so as not to be biased. Other sources reveal that The Body Shop is not in fact practicing what it is promoting (Beyond McDonalds: Whats wrong with the Body Shop a criticism of green consumerism -). In relation to our case, this website states that the company is in fact using preservatives, synthetic colors, fragrances and nonrenewable petrochemicals. Most of their products are said to be using only little botanical-based ingredients. The source also reveals that the company routinely treats some products by exposing them to ultraviolet radiation in order to kill bacteria. The radiation used in the process however, is from uranium which is non-renewable and can not be disposed of safely. Furthermore, the source states that ingredients used in the company’s products have also been tested on animals by other companies. This source also states that they admit ingredients which have been tested on animals before 1991 or ingredients which have been tested since 1991 for purposes other than cosmetics. Gelatin or crushed bone, which comes from animals, was also apparently found in some Body Shop products. In addition according to another website, animal testing may be stopped if companies would only use ingredients which have already been admitted as safe for use (Heavily Soiled! Boycott cruelty! ). It is in fact ‘substantial consumer benefits’ which Unilever justifies for animal testing. In a statement which may have been originally taken from Unilever, the source reveals that until alternatives are fully-validated by the government, animal testing will have to be continued for the purpose of ‘enhanced safety’ or ‘substantial consumer benefits. ’ This as found out is similar to the case of Body Shop wherein the company finds failure of alternative tests to the OECD ‘totally unacceptable. ’ Therefore, both companies due to no acceptance by government legislation of alternative testing are invariably led to still carry out animal testing. Despite of negative feedbacks however from other websites, The Body Shop according to another source appears on the list of PETA companies which do not perform animal tests (PETAs Companies that DONT Test on Animals List , 2006). The People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals or PETA is an organization for animal rights and the organization work extensively to protect animals in farmlands, laboratories, the clothing enterprise and entertainment industry (PETAs Mission Statement). Inclusion of these companies in the list however, should be examined carefully as there are companies especially those that are prominent in the market which are influential. Meanwhile, according to another source, Unilever which is a leading producer of home, health and beauty products was mentioned to be among one of the companies that do animal testing (PepsiCo Declares No More Animal Tests! ). Where companies cite reason for animal testing to be required by law or that there are regulatory bodies requiring finished products to be first tested before release to the market, another source surprisingly reveals that there are companies which still do animal testing despite not being required by law. According to the Global Action Network, a non-profit organization focusing on oceans, sustainable agriculture, wildlife, animals in entertainment, animals in biomedical research and companion animals as well as globalization; cosmetics, personal care, and household cleaning products are not required by law to be ‘animal tested’ and so there is no excuse for companies which continue to do with animal testing even if it is not being required by the law. Similar source cites The Body Shop to be among companies that do not do animal testing (this ‘don’t test’ list includes companies which have either signed PETA’s statement of assurance or they provided a statement saying they did not conduct or hire other companies to do animal tests which are not required and that they do not plan to in the future). On the other hand, from the same website, Unilever was mentioned to be among those that conduct animal tests despite not being required by law. The list has been compiled by PETA and inclusion of said companies in the list that permit or conduct animal testing is not because the companies were required by law to do animal testing but because companies are not even required to have cosmetics, personal care, and household cleaning products to be tested and yet they continue to permit or conduct animal testing (Lifestyle: Choose Cruelty-Free Products: Companies that DO Test on Animals). Perspectives on animal testing by the two companies are presented from numerous sources. In an electronic document by the Unilever Company itself (Unilever Comments to the Commission Proposal on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS), 2006), the company stated that in response to a new legislation which is introduction of a new method for classifying and labeling chemicals, the company is concerned that this should encourage animal testing. The electronic document has cited however that the company has been helpful in founding of the European Partnership on Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing (EPAA). This is a joint initiative by the European Commission, trade federations and a number of companies in numerous industries (EPAA Home). A major event advertised in the website however, is predicting adverse effects on human from substances without animal testing. It is only hoped that better alternative measures have been developed that could replace animal testing and at the same time do not compromise safety or risk assessments of humans to products. Generally however, the best way that could be done in support against animal testing is to boycott companies which continue to do so in spite of non-requirement of law. On a personal level, I think it’s best if we ourselves do not demand for stronger, more improved products. That is, if we want to avoid the necessity for animals to be tested first of these products to be ensured of OUR safety. References: Animal testing. (2007, May 8). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from Biology-Online. org: biology-online. org/dictionary/Animal_testing Beyond McDonalds: Whats wrong with the Body Shop a criticism of green consumerism -. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from The Body Shop in the McSpotlight: mcspotlight. org/beyond/companies/bodyshop. html EPAA Home. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from European Prtnership to Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/epaa/index_en. htm Heavily Soiled! Boycott cruelty! (n. d. ). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection (BUAV): Campaigning to end animal experiments: buav. org/campaigns/household/soiled. html Home. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from European Partnership for Alternative Approaches to Animal Testing: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/epaa/index_en. htm Lifestyle: Choose Cruelty-Free Products: Companies that DO Test on Animals. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Global Action Network: Animal Testing: Choose Cruelty-Free Products: gan. ca/home. en. html Our Values: Against Animal Testing. (2007). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from The Body Shop: Our World, Our Community: thebodyshop. com. au/ourValues. cfm? valueID=1 PepsiCo Declares No More Animal Tests! (n. d. ). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Caring Consumer. com (A Guide to Kind Living): caringconsumer. com/products_pepsi. asp PETAs Companies that DONT Test on Animals List . (2006). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from ethicast. com: portable ethical information: http://ethicast. com/petas_companies_that_dont_test_on_animals_list PETAs Mission Statement. (n. d. ). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from PETA: People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals: peta. org/about/ Unilever Comments to the Commission Proposal on the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). (2006, October). Retrieved June 30, 2007, from Unilever: http://ec. europa. eu/enterprise/reach/docs/ghs/consultation_replies/061020_Unilever_severalcountries_Comments_I. pdf Unilevers policy on animal testing. (2007). Retrieved June 29, 2007, from Unilever: feel good, look good and get more out of life: unilever. com/ourvalues/environment-society/sus-dev-report/consumers/animal-testing. asp

on dumpster diving Essays

on dumpster diving Essays on dumpster diving Essay on dumpster diving Essay Section 1: Ridiculousness MTV Every Thursday 11 PM Ridiculousness re-run Martin Fantasy Factory, Cops Reloaded, American Dad Comedy Rob Drydek, Sterling Brim PG-13, TV-14 In the episode of Ridiculousness that I watched, they had a Santa Clause as a guest. The overall theme was about Christmas and the things people do around this time of the year. The first part of the show they showed various videos of kids opening presents and showing their reaction to what they got. Many of the kids Just started screaming and others cried. The second part of the show was about the snow outside nd what people do with it, for example many people made snowmen. Also during this video they showed many car crashes because of the heavy snowfall or ice. Section 2: Commercials- Verizon sell phone company Nike all-purpose sporting brand Teen Mom a television show about teenagers that are moms Product Placement- DC shoes Alien Workshop Nike OFWG (Odd Future wolf Gang) Customer Profile (Target Market)- Positioning Strategy- I think that this show stands out from other comedy shows, because on each show that they have they always have a different guest. While that guest is there, they always show funny videos that have to deal with them. For example when Santa Clause was their guest, they showed videos about Christmas. Non-Matching Products- I feel that Verizon does not match the shows target market because the show does not relate to it in any way, it would make more sense to have a DC Shoes commercial. Missing Products- I feel that if they would have advertised Alien Workshop or DC Shoes, then it would benefit the TV show itself, because the Ridiculousness host Rob Drydek, owns Alien Workshop and part of DC Shoes. Section 3: I do think that the show that I had chosen will last for three reasons. First, for every episode they have a different guest. Second, they always have different categories according to the guest that is there. Last, they search two random words on Bing and have the guest guess what it is. This is always entertaining to see what the video is. There are a few other shows that are similar that exist, including Pranked. In order for Ridiculousness to co -exist with this show they need to continue to have guests and have funny videos that others may not have. K

Free sample - The influence of mass media on the social life.. translation missing

The influence of mass media on the social life.. The influence of mass media on the social life.1. Nowadays it is very hard to overestimate the influence of mass media on the social life. It provides us with big quantity of information- movies, news, informative and educational TV-programs and for sure there is a lot of commercial information- advertising. In order to pick needed information from the flow of differently-oriented information, it is necessary to outline the general principles of its ‘consumption’ and to understand the principles of its work. According to the Stuart Hall â€Å"Encoding and Decoding†, it is possible to say that people get all needed information, especially commercial on the subliminal level. In other words, advertising and propagandistic films influence human mind indirectly, with the help of specially-developed psychological tools. Stuart Hall outlines the four staged theory of communication, which includes the following steps: production, circulation, use and reproduction. [1] According to the â€Å"Encoding and Decoding†, it is possible to outline three following hypothetical reader/viewer positions: first of all, the sender never determines the meaning of the message; secondly, it is very hard to understand the essence of the message for the audience, because the message is not transparent; and finally, the audience is not a passive recipient of meaning[2] According to the Halls concept, it is possible to say that sender never makes a strict determination of the message, because each viewer would make those conclusions, which are supported by his own moral standards and attitude towards some subject matter. In the Ang’s "Dallas and the Ideology of Mass Culture" we have found the following interpretation of mass culture: it makes its great impact on the social, life, while the mass serials like Dallas are widely watched and discussed by wide auditory; some of people like that serial, others do not, but it is still discussed, watched and it does not lose its popularity. It has become being the part of the social life. People live together with the main characters and they are waiting for watching the new episode in order to get the information, concerning the plot development. There is such an attitude towards mass consumption serials: some people feel comfortable and do not consider their life problems, while watching serial, such people live together with their heroes and do not care about their own and global problems. Mass culture serials development allows stage director (or letter-writer) to outline new ideas in the current culture and to create new mass culture – they include into the plot of the serial those issues and aspects, which would make significant influence on the social life: beginning from the fashions and accomplishing with the behaviour ideas. People would follow their beloved characters of serials and in such manner they would be trying to be alike to the serials’ main heroes.[3] According to the David Morley THE NATIONWIDE AUDIENCE, it is possible to make conclusions about the influence of the mass culture on different aspects of human lives. In such manner it is possible to create public opinion the desired way- to involve public opinion polls in order to ‘outline’ the general attitude towards some event. In such manner those people, who are not involved directly into the problematic, would be influenced by such ‘mass’ opinion. That allows preventing panic and at the same case such mass media tools mislead people, concerning current situation in the country.[4] Finally, Jacqueline Bobo has outlined in her THE COLOR PURPLE the possibility of using mass media tool for paying additional attention on the situation (in Jacquelines’ Bobo case - with the racial discrimination.   To conclude, we would like to stress that getting the message from the author means understanding all ideas, which laid the foundations of the movie or serial or advertising. The quality of such message could be measured by the number of those people, who have made conclusions, alike to the authors’ ones.[5] 2. Currently, is possible to outline one of the most powerful cultural moving today- fun clubs. They were developed and created in order to integrate different people with the same attitudes towards life values, towards some popular persons or towards some works of art. These people are usually very friendly and they are integrated by the common idea about development the mass culture tool- promoting, supporting and admiration with some person or group of people. Different actions, participants meetings and future actions consideration are the main directions of the fan clubs activities. To our opinion, it is possible to consider fan clubs as extension of audiences for some cultural activities. In order to prove the above said, we would like to consider the Star Trek fans, who have tried to achieve the social understanding if the homosexual relations and to prevent wide judgement this movement. They have considered the homosexual relations as a normal social event, which should be understood and supported by their society. They have achieved that level with the help of the following tools: they have proclaimed the slogan 'Out of the closet and into the universe’ – tending to be visual and ordinary and by mass national letter-writing campaign organisation. As a result, both these tolls have attracted mass attention towards that issue and that has made its influence of the situation improvement in the whole country. [6] Talking about the Titanic and DiCaprio funs, we would like to pay additional attention that the majority of its fans are young females (more that 60 percents of the general quantity) and their age does not exceed 25 y.o. in majority of cases. Titanic with DiCaprio is the blockbuster, which is based on the real historical events. It concerns such topics as welfare, love and human relations. Also such philosophical issue as the sense of life is outlined indirectly, because it is up to the audience to decide whether hero has made right decision of it would have been better to act another way to prevent such misfortune. The fun clubs have supported the popularity of this movie   for durable period of time and have significantly increased the revenue from its screening - majority of young ladies have watched it for several times- from 2 to 14 and that has attracted additional interest towards that issue from another female representatives of young age. In order to defend the favourite movie from the different negative journalistic and star discourse its fans have marginalized their desires, the fan club representatives have widely involved press into that process and there they have printed different articled, supported with DiCaprio photos and some desired of personal meetings, love and devotion towards main hero of this movie. In such manner young fans have constantly attracted some interest towards the Titanic and they have saved its popularity and the interest towards this movie for a durable period of time. [7] To conclude, we would like to stress that mass media and fun clubs create the populations’ attitude towards some social events, works of art and persons. It is very important to support such movements and to direct their activities into the positive course. Only in such manner it is possible to achieve the highest results and to combine the fan club legal activity and mass culture creation, support and development. Reference list: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ang, Ien. "Dallas and the Ideology of Mass Culture." The Cultural Studies Reader. Ed. Simon During. New York: Routledge, 1993. 403-420. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bobo, Jacqueline (1988 ) Black women's responses to The Colour Purple. Jump Cut, no. 33, Feb. 1988, pp. 43-51 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hall, S. (1973) Encoding and Decoding in the Television Discourse Birmingham: CCS 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry Jenkins (2001) OUT OF THE CLOSET AND INTO THE UNIVERSE' Queers and Star Trek 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   MELANIE NASH AND MARTTI LAHTI (2001) "Utmost Ashamed to Say I am the One of Those Girls " Titanic, Leonardo Dicaprio, and the paradoxes of girls' fandom   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Morley, David (1980) The 'Nationwide' Audience: Structure and Decoding. London: BFI. ISBN 0-85170-097-7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Procter, James. (2004) Stuart Hall, Routledge critical thinkers.

Globalization Issue according toThomas L. Freidman and William J Essay

Globalization Issue according toThomas L. Freidman and William J. Duiker - Essay Example The book portrays a scenario where untimely flattening of the opponents of globalization is inevitable. William (2009:340-344) shares his sentiments in his book ’The contemporary world History’. He feels that the forces of fragmentation are too strong to allow globalization to gain a stable footing. Critical analysis of the thoughts of the two writers tempts an individual to take a position. Although William presents steep challenges to globalization, the basis of his arguments and speculation are on uncertainties. The past global trends have shown that globalization has received positive attention all over the world. Although some nations may not appear in public to support globalization, researches have shown that it remains a hot subject in their boardroom meetings. This shows that globalization is live and soon the world will be a global village. Thomas explicitly lays out the benefits of globalization. However, he does not overlook the possible challenges that glob alization might be faced with. This makes Thomas’s convictions correct, more sensible, and real in the current world. The Dell Theory of Conflict Prevention which Thomas subscribes to affirms that there cannot be disagreement between countries, which share a common interest. He emphasizes that globalization is the sole solution to the most conflicts in the world. In essence, Thomas signifies that the nations that embrace globalization have reaped benefits and not enmity. Globalization is the only safe platform to enrich cultural, economic, technological, and political ties while appreciating diversity. Thomas points out that there are still impediments to globalization. He argues that overcoming anti-global forces must be at the heart of its proponents. Freidman (580-604) highlights some of the issues which include poor education systems, weak economic powers, diseases, and bad infrastructure. Compromised education system negatively affects globalization. This is evident in t he third world countries where only the privileged in society acquire quality education and skills.

How do we explain the stance of the Fatimid Empire towards the Essay

How do we explain the stance of the Fatimid Empire towards the Crusades - Essay Example 22). The early church used crusades to gain political and economic power; they influenced their adherents and led them to fight for the interest of a select few who formed the leadership of the church. Faith dictates the mental state of an individual a tool that the early church used to influence their adherents into war against the Islamic faith. With the aid of the western countries of the time, which included knights from several countries in the region and other ordinary citizens such as peasants, the Roman Catholic therefore invaded Seljuq Turks from Anatolia and captured the holy city of Jerusalem overthrowing the unsuspecting Muslims. The raid also freed the Eastern Christians from the oppressing control of the Muslims at the time. The success of the attack led to the formation of other subsequent crusades in attack of Muslims and other smaller religions of the time. The Christians established crusader estates in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, the principality of Antioch and the co untry of Tripoli in North Africa. The aim of the crusader states was to quell any subsequent Muslim invasion in the regions thereby creating solid Christian territories. Religion survives on evangelism which results in the spread of the religion to different regions across the world. With the effective coordination of the military arm of the church, Christianity would spread and enjoy a peaceful existence. However, the development of the crusade and its subsequent attacks on the regions that the Christians considered volatile angered other religions key among which was Islam. The attack on regions around Jerusalem resulted in the merciless massacre of thousands of Muslims and Jews among other non-Christian groups in the region. The victory of the first crusade led to the creation of the crusade estates in strategic key locations among which was the North African state of Tripoli. The region was under a strong influence of Islam following the creation of the Fatimid dynasty (LEV, 199 0 p. 42). The Fatimid Empire, first established in Tunisia, was a movement and later become both a political and religious movement that governed the entire North African region and later spread to other parts of the Middle East where it gained extensive control and influence on the people. The Dynasty had more than a political motivation. Began by a cousin and a sister to the Holy prophet Mohamed, the dynasty sought to earn authority for the religion and therefore consolidate its authority in the region and spread it to other parts of the world. Located in the North East of Africa, Tunisia was not a strategic location to headquarter an empire that had a dream of controlling the entire Arab world. It therefore led to an inversion of the expansive regions in Northern Africa pushing its headquarters to Egypt, a kingdom that bordered Tripoli. Lying close to each other, the republic of Tripoli with a crusade state and the Egypt now serving as headquarter to the greatest Islamic outfit, the two regions became hindrances to the freedom of each other. While the Christians had a vision of spreading their gospel to every country in the world including the Islamic states, the Muslims led by the Fatimid Empire had a similar vision of spreadi

Global Warming effects human health Research Paper

Global Warming effects human health - Research Paper Example The research paper â€Å"Global Warming effects human health† describes various deteriorating health threats one is going to experience during his lifespans due to the reduced air quality and dreadful conditions of food and water to growing amounts of allergens and disastrous weather events. At present there is general unanimity that the Earth is warming at a faster level than the previous century’s where hunter-gatherer human existence. The previous decade was the warmest from the time when instrumental archives initiated in the nineteenth century. The reasons of this change are more and more well assumed that there is fresh and sturdier proof that most of the warming witnessed over the last fifty years is possibly ascribed by human actions, primarily the release of greenhouse gases produced from fossil fuels. Anxieties on the typical weather system are already producing effects on Earth’s surface. These comprise not only mounting surface temperatures, however, as well more and more recurrent floods and droughts, and variations in normal ecologies, for example earlier flowering of vegetation, and pole ward movements in the dispersal of numerous species. Such vicissitudes are intimately related to human health. Weather conditions disturb human health, through the bodily effects of weather excesses, and secondarily, through effects on the levels of contamination in the air, on the farming, marine and freshwater schemes that offer food and water, and pathogens that result in communicable ailments. This paper mainly explains health impacts of global warming, climate change, deforestation, global warming, greenhouse effect, and greenhouse gases (McMichael). Global Warming Global warming is well documented by researchers all over the globe as a crucial community health and ecological anxiety. Mainly because of the use of fossil fuels, bigger levels of greenhouse gases in the air are resulting in greater global temperatures that cause adverse eco logical, air quality and human health concerns. The report on climate change by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 2007, global temperatures have increased by 1.3?F over the previous century and are expected to rise between 2? and 11.5?F by 2100, Global warming has been perceived to reduce air quality, escalating sea levels, melting glaciers, dangerous hurricanes, more strong and extended droughts, more recurrent heat waves, forest fires and other threats to human health. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) stated that greenhouse gases cause air contamination and threaten the civic health and well-being of present and upcoming generations. California’s civic health toll due to air pollution is currently very high, and upshots in billions of dollars in healthcare costs each year as of early deaths and remedial mediations (see table-1for statistics). The California Air Resources Board (CARB) evaluations that revelation to harmful leve ls of Particulate matter and ozone adds to huge number of early deaths, asthma attacks, and admittance to hospitals and lots of lost school and work days from breathing and cardiac diseases each year. Particulate matter estimates for the major early demises linked with air contamination, even though ozone adds to hundreds of early deaths each year in California. Contact to great levels of air contaminants, as well as particle pollution, besides has been made known to lessen lung development and function in children, causing in weak lungs (Children’

Salvador Dali's History Backriound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salvador Dali's History Backriound - Essay Example The essay "Salvador Dali's History Backriound" aims to analyze Salvador Dali's background. Salvador Dali is a Spanish painter. His parents had a strong influence on his development and artistic practices as his father’s strict disciplinarian approach contributed to Dali’s structured pursuit of art, while his mother’s creative nature influenced his artistic process. In 1926 he would leave Spain and move to Paris, where he came into contact with Pablo Picasso. While Dali had experimented with Cubist methods during this time in Madrid, it was clear that he did not fully understand the genre. During the next few years Dali would produce work heavily influenced by Picasso and fellow surrealist Joan Miro. Dali would then go on to combine a broad variety of influences into his work. Among these influences included academia, classical and modernist techniques, as well as recent psychological explorations by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Through World War II and his later life Dali would increasingly focus on his unique approach to surrealist art. When examining Dali’s art it’s clear that there are a number of notable elements related to subject matter, content, meaning, and iconography. One notes that in examining Dali’s art within this context of understanding that his work has shifted during different periods of the artist’s life. Still, throughout these periods Dali implemented characteristic forms of oil on canvas in constructing his works. He became primarily interested in exploring abstract notions.

Integrated Marketing Communications Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Integrated Marketing Communications - Essay Example which carry leading brands in other product segments such as hair care and ladies skin care ranges. The product is currently having a 4% market share in the men's face lotion category and included in the top 10 brands in the market. Marketing Communication Process includes five elements. They are: sender, message, receiver, medium, and feedback.In developing marketing communications, the target audience needs to be identified, and a well-coordinated program should be shaped to derive a desired audience response. To have an effective Marketing Communication, Nolan Company should target the right audience. Once the target audience is selected suitable tools of marketing communication should be chosen from advertising, sales promotions, direct marketing, public relations and personal selling. SWOT that is strengths, weaknesses, opportunities; threats are the influencers of marketing communication process of the Black knight lotion. At most times, the communication process is based on sh ort-term objectives such as overcoming immediate awareness problems, image or preference problems in the target market. The achievement of the set MC 1 objectives can be realized through a well-planned MC program utilizing a mix of MC tools and execution of the programs with correct timing and frequency. Before starting the report on Marketing Communication, we should know what that is. ... 7 3.5 Feedback 8 4. Barriers of Effective Communication 8 5. Target Audience 9 6. Findings after Selecting Target Audience 9 6.1 Geographical Audience 10 6.2 Demographics Audience 10 6.3 Psycho graphic Audience 10 6.4 Behavioral Patterns 10 6.5 Viewer ship and Listener ship Patterns 11 7. Brand Analysis (SWOT) 11 7.1 Strengths 12 7.2 Weaknesses 13 7.3 Opportunities 13 7.4 Threats 13-14 8. Marketing Communication Objectives 14 8.1 Short-term 14 8.2 Long-Term 14 9. Conclusion 15 10. Bibliography Introduction Before starting the report on Marketing Communication, we should know what that is. Marketing is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating, and delivering values to the customers or clients and for managing customer relationships in ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders.2 Communication is a transactional process between two or more parties whereby meaning is exchanged through the intentional use of symbols.3 So marketing Communication is an ever-changed field where new theories, new techniques, cultural changes and technological advances all combined to create a dynamic environment within which marketers try to ensure that, their messages get through to their target audiences. For Marketing Communications to be effective they should be aligned with the overall business and marketing strategies of the product and this is referred to as an integrated Marketing Communication approach. In today's intensely competitive markets, consume rs are becoming more and more sophisticated in terms of their needs as well as their purchasing process. Therefore, need

Salvador Dali's History Backriound Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Salvador Dali's History Backriound - Essay Example The essay "Salvador Dali's History Backriound" aims to analyze Salvador Dali's background. Salvador Dali is a Spanish painter. His parents had a strong influence on his development and artistic practices as his father’s strict disciplinarian approach contributed to Dali’s structured pursuit of art, while his mother’s creative nature influenced his artistic process. In 1926 he would leave Spain and move to Paris, where he came into contact with Pablo Picasso. While Dali had experimented with Cubist methods during this time in Madrid, it was clear that he did not fully understand the genre. During the next few years Dali would produce work heavily influenced by Picasso and fellow surrealist Joan Miro. Dali would then go on to combine a broad variety of influences into his work. Among these influences included academia, classical and modernist techniques, as well as recent psychological explorations by psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud. Through World War II and his later life Dali would increasingly focus on his unique approach to surrealist art. When examining Dali’s art it’s clear that there are a number of notable elements related to subject matter, content, meaning, and iconography. One notes that in examining Dali’s art within this context of understanding that his work has shifted during different periods of the artist’s life. Still, throughout these periods Dali implemented characteristic forms of oil on canvas in constructing his works. He became primarily interested in exploring abstract notions.

Cost control analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

Cost control analysis - Research Paper Example was identified as a key factor contributing to poor cost control measures, leading the management to expend resources that it would have invested in something else. Solutions on these defects in cost management have been identified through the research. Adoption of Just-in-time model will ensure irrelevant costs have been scraped; lean manufacturing model, on the other hand, will reduce the wastage of resources as suggested by one of the cooks in the interview conducted during the research. Results of the recommendation will be evidence on the profit levels and efficiency in operations The level of profit a firm can generate in a given fiscal year not only depends on the sales level, but also it cost control measures. Cost can be defined as the amount incurred by an organization in its pursuit for generating income. This therefore, means that costs are inevitable in any organization that intends to generate income. Costs are classified according to the relationship with the level of production. There are two main types of costs namely; Fixed cost and variable cost. Fixed costs do not vary with the level of production while variable cost varies with the level of production (Evans, 1964). During the internship program at Joe’s Excellent Chinese, these costs were evidenced on the production processes. In this paper, research will be conducted to identify the causes for the cost increase and how it can be controlled for overall benefit of Joe’s Excellent Chinese Cuisine. The problem for this research rotates around cost with its implication in the profit generated in a given fiscal year. Costs are unavoidable, and it is upon the management of Joe’s Excellent Chinese to come up with a strategy that will minimize the cost. Competitors of the firm offer same product (food) at an almost same price. This has created a problem for Joe’s Excellent Chinese since consumers do not see any difference as far as price is concerned. It should be noted that consumers are

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food Essay Do you like to eat fast food Nowdays people’s lives are becoming faster and faster. Because of a tight schedule, many people decide to eat fast food. Fast food is a western food. Fast food refers to any poor nutrition food that is easily prepared. Fast food may include chips, hot pies, sandwiches, burgers, kebabs, pizzas, soups, and salads. It also includes drinks, for instance, milkshakes, and soft drinks. Fast food has advantages and disadvantages. Some of the advantages of fast food are that fast food is cheap, time saving, and quick. Fast Food Saves Time People can order fast food on their way to or from work, without ever leaving their car, which is drive thru. Fast food is also designed to come in small packaging, So that people can consume it while traveling. Light on the Wallet Its means Eating fast food can save a lot of money for large families, students and anyone else looking to eat out without breaking the bank. Many fast food chains offer discount menus with foods costing. Customers also avoid having to leave a tip when they choose a fast food establishment over a typical restaurant. Easy to find place Some of the most popular fast food chains include McDonalds, KFC, Burger King, Pizza Hut, Dunkin Donuts, and many more. Despite of having many advantages, fast food has many disadvantages including obesity and different kinds of diseases. Obesity Extra calories can lead to being overweight or obese. As we know children nowadays like to eat fast food. So the percentages of obesity among children increase from year to year. With obesity come other problems like high blood pressure, the increasing of cholesterol and other related diseases of the heart that can lead to heart attack and many more serious diseases. Fast food has advantages and disadvantages. Some of the advantages are that it is easy, quick, and inexpensive. On the other hand, some of the disadvantages are that it causes obesity and different kinds of diseases. Eating fast food is like playing with our health and if we lose our health neither the money, nor the time can get it back.

The Image Of Women In Tv Advertisements Media Essay

The Image Of Women In Tv Advertisements Media Essay The first television advertisement appeared on July, 1941 during a baseball game on a local New York channel. The 10-second commercial spot broadcasted by the company Bulova Watches has revolutionized the television (Business Wikipedia). It knew a large overwhelm that pushed many other companies to jump on board .By 1948; many additional companies adopted this new marketing technique, and little by little , the new tool has become familiar and very used and companies were obliged to compete against each other to attract the largest number of customers . For this reason they tend to employ the more attracting image to convince people to buy. One of these images is that of woman. Since the late 60s, there have been concerns about woman ¿Ã‚ ½s portrayal in the media. Western advertisers introduce her in different commercials since they had noticed that her appearance is very effective in term of attractiveness. But, it is so noticeable that in the majority of ads, women are stereotype d and abused. However many wrong ideas are promoted about them, since they are always viewed as objects used to attract people ¿Ã‚ ½s attention. Besides their devaluation, the content of advertisement contains a lot of violence against them. Their abuse and their image misuse should be considered a serious issue as it affects the audience and change their minds and gazes. In Fact, advertisers tend to play on people ¿Ã‚ ½s psychologies, so they can easily manipulate and convince them to buy unnecessary goods. The question here is how western TV advertisements stereotype women and how much this could harm the audience. Chapter 1: Literature review 1. The Image of Women in TV Advertisements: 1.1 Women in TV advertisement; from a subject to an object: a) Women as a Sex Object: Nowadays, advertisements are seen everywhere at any time. Most of advertisers seek to present a beautiful sexy woman in their commercials in order to market products and by doing so they consider her as just a sex object that can persuade the consumer by means of seduction to buy. Many companies have succeeded in increasing their revenues by using the sexual context which has enlarged their customer base and attracted a largest number of clients. Therefore, Berger considers these advertisement techniques as  ¿Ã‚ ½sexploitation of the female body as one of its communication tools ¿Ã‚ ½ ( Ilona P.Pawlowski,2007). Historically, the employment of women as a sexual object has evolved gradually;  ¿Ã‚ ½in 1983 only 28% of women shown in ads had some sexy clothes in their bodies but  ¿Ã‚ ½in 2007, 75% ¿Ã‚ ½ of them dressed in an attractive sensual way. Nowadays women appear partially nude in advertisement. In other words,  ¿Ã‚ ½women not only continued to be portrayed in a sexual manner, but also the degree of sexuality increased over time ¿Ã‚ ½ (Ilona P.Pawlowski,2007). In the article  ¿Ã‚ ½The Exploitation of Women in Ads ¿Ã‚ ½ written by Kanter on the web cite Study mode, the fact that many fashion photographers return pornographic publications to take sexual and attractive poses or only parts of women ¿Ã‚ ½s body is mentioned. The book stresses the image of women as a sexual object, a thing or a part of the merchandise to be dehumanized especially by showing just parts of her body. To conclude as Cortese notices in his book Provocateur: Images of Women and Minorities in Advertisement  ¿Ã‚ ½advertising sells much more than products, it sells values and cultural representations, such as success and sexuality. ¿Ã‚ ½ Moreover, women are more used than men in advertisements and according to this article  ¿Ã‚ ½How Advertising Women Models Can Reach Market? ¿Ã‚ ½ the writer confirms that  ¿Ã‚ ½even for products that the target consumers are males ¿Ã‚ ½ woman image is often employed. It creates on them an impression that women would like a man that uses that product. In other words,  ¿Ã‚ ½women want this. Get the product, get the woman ¿Ã‚ ½ (Cortese, 2008). This shows that nowadays, women are used as a sex object with all kind of products from electronics to make-up. An article titled  ¿Ã‚ ½Russia-Campaign against sexism in advertising ¿Ã‚ ½ insists on the same idea,  ¿Ã‚ ½the female body is portrayed as a propaganda for pornography, violence and prostitution ¿Ã‚ ½ in order to advertise products that men buy such as cars, beers, perfume ¿Ã‚ ½for example in cars advertisement, women ¿Ã‚ ½s hot body is most of the time present,  ¿Ã‚ ½they act as a supplement to the car, as one of the options available to be expensively purchased by a successful man ¿Ã‚ ½. Danesi, a moralist, advertising professional and student of contemporary marketing communication knowledge, writes in his book Sex in Advertising that if we read about psychological studies that examine how males think, we can notice that  ¿Ã‚ ½the reward centers in the brains of young heterosexual males were activated by female face ¿Ã‚ ½. This means that the reason of creating a suggestive advertisement is that by showing women ¿Ã‚ ½s body as a sex object we can activate and influence the reward centers of a man and push him to purchase a product, simply because there is the image of a female body on its cover. Also, by showing women ¿Ã‚ ½s body we can access to the subconscious of a man and make him implicitly remember the sexual thing (women). That ¿Ã‚ ½s why  ¿Ã‚ ½Advertisers believe that the more outlandish, the sexier, the more skin shown, the more the brand image will refuse to leave your memory ¿Ã‚ ½ (Dansei, 2011). Figure 1: A nude woman in DG ad. This psychological explanation is another definite proof that women ¿Ã‚ ½s body is abused for marketing benefits for which many famous companies tend to portray women in a sex context , such as Dolce ¿Ã‚ ½ Gabbana, Calvin Klein, Yves Saint Laurent and many other well-known brands. Besides, according to the article  ¿Ã‚ ½Sex in advertising  ¿Ã‚ ½by Dansei, there are  ¿Ã‚ ½5000 advertising messages a day ¿Ã‚ ½ that a person can receive and 20% of these ads contain sexual images. So, advertisers consider that women ¿Ã‚ ½s bodies are not only  ¿Ã‚ ½a beguiling approach ¿Ã‚ ½ to attract consumers ¿Ã‚ ½ attention, but also the best tool and can be  ¿Ã‚ ½ Commodified as products that have a use value. ¿Ã‚ ½(Dansei,2011) It ¿Ã‚ ½s so clear then that a sex object is something that has become essential in every advertisement in a way that objectified and dehumanized women. This can be explained by the fact that  ¿Ã‚ ½people believe that sex sells products ¿Ã‚ ½ (Province,Monique,2010). As a result  ¿Ã‚ ½sex in advertisement contributes to the building of strong, vibrant, and long-lasting brands ¿Ã‚ ½ (Ilona P.Pawlowski,2007). Verhoeven explains in her article  ¿Ã‚ ½Axe body spray ads and women as sex objects ¿Ã‚ ½ that  ¿Ã‚ ½advertisements do not just sell products, they also promote and establish our culture ¿Ã‚ ½s values and ideas ¿Ã‚ ½ so naturally  ¿Ã‚ ½stereotypes are reinforced by advertisement ¿Ã‚ ½ (Verhoeven, Hanna, 2011). Axe body spray is one of the many examples of ads that make stereotypes against women. Figure 2: pictures of Axe spray commercial: The fallen angel To set an example, these two images belong to the commercial spot of Axe body spray for men. It is titled  ¿Ã‚ ½Fallen angels ¿Ã‚ ½; this ad shows many beautiful women introduced as angels that came from sky, on earth, they go directly to the place from where comes the smell of Axe body spray. When they find the man who puts it, they take off their crowns, forget about their innocence and seduce him. The message this ad delivers to the male audience is that women can not control themselves when smelling such a perfume. It ¿Ã‚ ½s always a sex context. b) The image of the traditional housewife: Another inappropriate image the advertisement reflects is the perfect housewife whose tasks are raising children and taking care of her house and husband .An article titled  ¿Ã‚ ½Women ¿Ã‚ ½s Images in Magazine Advertisement: How Far Have They Come? ¿Ã‚ ½ discuss this topic. It emphasizes in fact that advertisers  ¿Ã‚ ½characterize them as possessing low intelligence, analytical ability, and rationality ¿Ã‚ ½ and when the audience especially men get this message, they will generalize these characteristics to all women and of course this result in a devaluation of the woman and its important role in society. Standing for the same idea, Naughton Michael states in his book  ¿Ã‚ ½The Popularized Housewife in Advertisements ¿Ã‚ ½, that  ¿Ã‚ ½The creators of ads made it appear that the full time job of a woman should be a housewife ¿Ã‚ ½. Women are considered as mades or servants who are responsible just for the rest of the family. Figure 3: The traditional image of a hou sewife Therefore, many advertisements present the image of the housewives wearing the magic uniform of work. Usually ,they wear  ¿Ã‚ ½aprons, skirts, high heels, and pearls ¿Ã‚ ½ (Naughton,Michael,2006). He adds that  ¿Ã‚ ½The ad showed that women are expected to be in this professional uniform all the time ¿Ã‚ ½. they are always placed in the kitchen or the bathroom (described by Naughton as their  ¿Ã‚ ½office ¿Ã‚ ½). These two elements of job (uniform and office)  ¿Ã‚ ½strengthens that the housewife is, indeed, an important job as any other is ¿Ã‚ ½. This message delivered by advertisement reinforces the idea of the dependency of women on men. Figure 4:The commercial of Schlitz beer  ¿Ã‚ ½Negative characterizations made by advertisers such as women ¿Ã‚ ½s place is her house or women are weak and need men protection, push men to think that these ideas are true and women are really weak fragile and unable to go out for working. Moreover, advertisements show that women as housewives can not make expensive purchases. They are not intelligent enough to make such decisions. Differently, men in advertisements are introduced as businessmen who are usually busy outside the house .They also make big decisions and  ¿Ã‚ ½look after women who are not capable of looking after themselves ¿Ã‚ ½ (Shrikhande,Vaisahli 2003). It is so obvious here that advertisement stands for gender inequity. In fact it tends to present women in inferior positions comparing to males. Moreover they are very devaluated when their activities are limited to house shores. As an example, an ad for Schiltz beer shows a woman that burned the dinner that she prepared for her husband. She cries for this, then her husband says  ¿Ã‚ ½do not worry darling, you didn ¿Ã‚ ½t burn the beer ¿Ã‚ ½. The idea of the woman who serves the  ¿Ã‚ ½man of the house ¿Ã‚ ½ (Naughton, 2003) in order to make him happy is so clear. c) The Image of the Dumb Blonde: The article  ¿Ã‚ ½The Dumb Blonde Women Stereotype ¿Ã‚ ½ demonstrates that blond women are considered as beautiful, thin, sexy and attractive but not intelligent not serious and not responsible. Again she is seen as an empty minded who has no opinion or personality. Blonde women are always shown busy taking care of themselves in order to look beautiful; their main interest is to wear provocative clothes, put sexy perfumes and make-up .They are portrayed as stupid and superficial.  ¿Ã‚ ½This stereotype is often expressed excessively in blonde jokes ¿Ã‚ ½ (The dumb blonde women stereotype). In addition, advertisers treat blond women as a  ¿Ã‚ ½piece of meat ¿Ã‚ ½ (Kazay,Ginger 2007). The question here is why this image of the dumb blonde is employed in ads? Advertisers portray a blonde as a stupid women to attract the consumer attention and to keep the ad in his mind. They want to create original, funny ideas. When the consumer watches such funny images, he will laugh and t ell others about it. The ad is registered in his mind and transmitted to others. This is the result that advertisers aim to achieve. 1.2 Violence against Women in Advertisement: a ) Physical Violence:The first aspect of violence against woman that advertisement shows, is the sex context excessively used when introducing women in ads. Women are objectified and seen in a weak position, helpless and  ¿Ã‚ ½bound ¿Ã‚ ½ (Evans,Rachel), however men are seen strong and  ¿Ã‚ ½with power over women ¿Ã‚ ½ (Evans,Rachel). Advertisers send, through this image, the subliminal message that women like and want violent men. Evans explains this idea in her article  ¿Ã‚ ½American Experience: Does Selling Sex in Modern Ads Advocate Violence against Women? ¿Ã‚ ½ she writes about modern advertisement  ¿Ã‚ ½They are desirable to women, that desirable women are submissive, and that a woman doesn ¿Ã‚ ½t really mean no when she says it ¿Ã‚ ½ she adds that  ¿Ã‚ ½this image of violence towards women results in  ¿Ã‚ ½desensitizing consumers into thinking that violence against women is not only acceptable, but encouraged ¿Ã‚ ½ (Evans,Rachel). Such message is reall y a very dangerous way to portrait women .It is so unhealthy to make people believe that women like violence. Dealing with the same issue, Mc Cormack an assistant sociology professor collected many ads from the most famous magazines in America like Business Week and Cosmopolitan that show  ¿Ã‚ ½women smiling as they are being hit ¿Ã‚ ½ ( Rob,Roberts1991). He deduces that advertisement make the audience believes that women like to be hit and this is of course so wrong. Unfortunately, this kind of message that people get from advertisement encourage men to be violent with women. Mc Cormick ensures that  ¿Ã‚ ½We never see men in these positions, we never see men upside down, we never see men tied up, we never see men being assaulted by women, we never see men being hit by women, being hit by things in the head. We certainly would not see men enjoying it ¿Ã‚ ½ (Rob,Roberts1991). This picture is a concrete example of the conception of violence that advertisement emphasizes. It is an ad made by the famous company Calvin Klein,  ¿Ã‚ ½the image was demeaning to women by suggesting that she is a plaything of these men. It also demeans men by implying sexualized violence against women. ¿Ã‚ ½ (Doherty,Elissa 2010) Figure 5: a woman as sex object in Kelvin Klein ad Another company that its ads are plenty of violence against women is DolceGabbana. For this reason Dina Price made an interview with the Italian designer of this brand. He stated that  ¿Ã‚ ½these ads do not represent rape or violence, but if one had to give an interpretation of the picture, it could recall an erotic dream, a sexual game ¿Ã‚ ½. The idea of this  ¿Ã‚ ½sexual game ¿Ã‚ ½ is adopted by the majority of famous brands.  ¿Ã‚ ½All these companies consider violence and humiliation sexy. They transform these into that art that shocks the public opinion ¿Ã‚ ½ (Sex and Violence in Advertising, A Mainstream Phenomena). In fashion world, we notice that  ¿Ã‚ ½fashion photographers have an ongoing obsession with images of women looking dead ¿Ã‚ ½ (Katelate Stephanie,2011). These dead-like women are shown in a sexy and attractive poses. We can deduce here that advertisers and designers use violence to present something sexy (Katelate stephanie 2011).So women are shown again portrayed in shocking images. They are usually seen in  ¿Ã‚ ½an unhealthy way ¿Ã‚ ½ and suffering from the physical violence such as  ¿Ã‚ ½torture and killing ¿Ã‚ ½ (Rob,Roberts1991) caused by men. b) Psychological Violence: Sexual exploitation of women has increased over the last decades as a new marketing strategy. They are seen as attractive bodies and nothing else. This emotional violence can also be proved by discrimination, based on skin color, made by advertisers. White women are always preferable when choosing a model for a commercial spot. It ¿Ã‚ ½s so rare to see an advertisement with a black model, and even if it happened, she would be introduced as a vulgar and unsophisticated one. More moral violence against women is seen in advertisement when just few parts of women ¿Ã‚ ½s body are shown like legs or a mouth. This is a clear dehumanization of women.  ¿Ã‚ ½The reduction of women to body parts for men ¿Ã‚ ½s consumption can significantly damage a woman ¿Ã‚ ½s self-respect ¿Ã‚ ½ (Katele, 2011). Moreover, woman is treated as a prostitute in the majority of advertisements. She is not serious or respectful but happy with a smiley face. Considering this picture; they are not only intro duced as prostitutes but also proud of it! 1.3 Advertisers ¿Ã‚ ½ Definition of Beauty: a) The White Skin: To be beautiful as a first condition is to be a white-skinned person! This what advertisers promote as ¿Ã‚ ½White beauty is viewed as superior ¿Ã‚ ½ as Banks Michaela Choo confirms, because white women are seen more innocent, shiny, with straight hair and  ¿Ã‚ ½light skin ¿Ã‚ ½. In contrast, black women are viewed  ¿Ã‚ ½as animals more than as humans ¿Ã‚ ½ she adds. We can deduce then that racism is another negative value advertisement spreads. Furthermore, advertisers  ¿Ã‚ ½define the white standard of beauty in terms of the skin tone, hair type and body shape ¿Ã‚ ½, Bank says. One understands from this definition that not all white women are considered beautiful. Advertisers have many criteria to be followed. According to them the perfect white women must be thin, with straight hair, nice smile and preferably blond. A concrete example is when an African-American model was refused by the company of Ciroc Vodka (Bitchie,Nicole 2009), simply because she was a black wom an and the company admitted it. She wondered  ¿Ã‚ ½What message does this send? If you are not light you are not right? If you are black get back? What does this do for the self-esteem of young  ¿Ã‚ ½dark-skinned ¿Ã‚ ½ African-American girls every where? Tell them that they are ugly because their skin is too dark? Is this a type of mentality that you like to promote in your marketing campaigns? ¿Ã‚ ½ (Bitchie,Nicole 2009) For more credibility, researchers made statistics to figure out the percentage that white women take in commercials. As shown in the table below, white women are used in most ads of product categories. Models with light skin accounted by 64.8% in the clothes products ads compared to medium and black-skinned models by only 35.2%. This shows that advertisement designers prefer white women and consider them the more beautiful. For perfumes products black models are present in just 20% of ads when the rest (80%) is for white ones. For make-up products 65.5% of ads for white models and 34.5% for dark models. Through this obvious discrimination, advertisers tend to manipulate the unconsciousness of the consumer and oblige him to adopt the idea that the white skin is the first condition of beauty. Product category Light skin models Medium and dark skin models Hair product Shoes Perfumes Public service Ad Electronics Skin care Makeup Other 50.0% 66.7% 80.0% 58.8% 54.5% 57.1% 65.5% 61.5% 11 10 12 10 6 16 19 40 50.0% 33.3% 20.0% 41.2% 45.5% 42.9% 34.5% 38.5% 11 5 3 7 5 12 10 25 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% 100% Table (*): Product for light skin models b) Super Skinny Models: Nowadays, skinny models are seen in all types of advertisement. They are preferred by many fashion designers who find them very attractive, beautiful and  ¿Ã‚ ½as the way their skin tightens up over the bone in most places in their bodies is what makes them look sexy and attractive ¿Ã‚ ½ (Barrett,Patrick,2004).  ¿Ã‚ ½Not only their bodies are easier to dress with but also the clothes hang better on them, says Joanna Hill, an advertisement designer in New York.  ¿Ã‚ ½Skinny models just look better ¿Ã‚ ½ says Karl Lagerfeld, a fashion designer from Germany. For that reason, most models shown in commercials of famous and well known brands are always super skinny ones. This excessive exposition to this image will lead people to think that to be elegant, beautiful and sexy, you should be too thin that your bone could be seen easily! This is of course a wrong idea, women are of different weights and being too thin is not a beauty indicator. However many women today seek to loose weight just to imitate what they see in T.V. As a model of perfume ,clothes or makup commercials, they think if such a famous brand employed this model to advertise its product , they should be necessarily so perfect. And to be beautiful, they should just look like her. c) Beautiful is to be Young: Sexy women are frequently seen in all types of advertisements. As sex sells every thing, advertisers employ attractive women posed in provocative way to buy products. But before beauty, models should be of course young women, the age is so important to advertise especially for feminine products .Beauty is so related to youth, this what advertisers promote. This idea can deeply harm the female audience. Every woman that gets over 30 or 35 will consider herself as an ugly woman that can not be seen as beautiful in a way or another. A woman may think that way due to the fact that the message excessively sent to the audience generalizes the idea even if is totally wrong, it makes everybody believe it even though it is illogical. It is so clear then that advertisers promote their own opinions and ideas and seek to standardize people ¿Ã‚ ½s mind in a way that serves them and convinces consumers to purchase what is advertised. 2. Stereotypes Against Women in TV Advertisements and its Impact on Society: 2.1 Women ¿Ã‚ ½s Body Dissatisfaction: Today, TV advertisement is a common way by which a company promotes its products. Thin and beautiful models or celebrities are the main image that companies relies on to attract the audience. In fact, this repeated image of the same physical characteristics of models create on women a feeling of dissatisfaction .They automatically tend to overestimate their bodies sizes in order to look like what they always see in ads. This causes them many serious problems. a) Eating Disorders: Eating disorders is eating more or less than the body needs. It is caused usually by psychological problems like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa which are characterized by a disturbance of eating behavior. The first involves  ¿Ã‚ ½rejection of food ¿Ã‚ ½ while the second involves  ¿Ã‚ ½pursing ¿Ã‚ ½ after eating. Women mostly influenced by these disorders. In fact advertisement has a noticeable role in causing these troubles. After watching TV commercials that standardizes the conception of beauty, women would feel dissatisfied with their bodies shape. According to the researchers Harrison and Canter  ¿Ã‚ ½disordered eating symptomlogy and encompass related variables such as body dissatisfaction, drive for thinness, perfection, and ineffectiveness ¿Ã‚ ½ (Cohen, Sara2006). In advertisements, the portrayal of  ¿Ã‚ ½super-slim ¿Ã‚ ½ females is considered as more fashionable, desirable and attractive. Many researchers confirm that exposure to ideal-body images could increase eating disorders in two ways. First  ¿Ã‚ ½exposure could lead to internalizing the ideal-body stereotype ¿Ã‚ ½ (Harbin Channel,2011), which causes an excessive dieting in order to attain the internalized ideal. Second, exposure to thin-ideal could promote  ¿Ã‚ ½social comparison ¿Ã‚ ½, which engenders intense dieting as a means of seeking to meet  ¿Ã‚ ½external standards. ¿Ã‚ ½ b) Low Self-esteem: After watching super models in advertisements, women tend to compare themselves with models shown in commercials. This comparison makes them dissatisfied with the way they look especially those who already have negative impression about their bodies.  ¿Ã‚ ½Women who already have low opinions of their physical appearance are at an even greater risk for negative effects from media images ¿Ã‚ ½, says Bessonoff a professor in the Psychological Department in the University of Connecticut who has more than 7 years in the fields of social comparison, body image, and women in the media. Moreover, TV commercials show also unrealistic images with many modifications.  ¿Ã‚ ½Viewing television commercials containing images of the unrealistic thin-ideal for women caused adolescent girls to feel less confident, and more dissatisfied with their weight and appearances ¿Ã‚ ½(Dittmar Helega,2011). Women evaluate their own attitudes, abilities, and beliefs among others and they are not satisfied with their appearance which is more judged by themselves than by others.  ¿Ã‚ ½Comparisons interested on appearance commonly are upward, which means that a woman compares herself to others who are more attractive and better in order to find out the standard of excellence. This upward comparison is related to  ¿Ã‚ ½body dissatisfaction disordered eating, decreased self-confidence, depression, and anxiety ¿Ã‚ ½ (Cohen, Sara ,2006). c) The Need to be Perfect: The pressure of exposure in today ¿Ã‚ ½s life leads to dangerous effects on women ¿Ã‚ ½s body. Exposure, in which the ideal body image is portrayed, will make women unhappy and dissatisfied with their body shape, especially when they watch thin models, who advertise new fashion designs, so they feel the need to be perfect like them. Thin body images of such models and actress have been getting thinner and thinner over the past 40 years. They are wearing very small sizes 1and 0 which make women attempt impossible standards in order to be beautiful and perfect. As a result, cosmetic surgeries are very popular today. Many medical professionals confirm that the rising of cosmetic surgery is due to the rising accessibility to television programs. Thus, women become dissatisfied, worried, and obsessed with their appearance, and they turned to be only concerned about looking for cosmetics and advertised products that promised to offer them solutions. It is clear then why advertisers see k to make women feel unsatisfied and unhappy with their looks. 2.2 Stereotypes Against Women in Tv Advertisement and its Effects on Men: Nowadays, we are excessively exposed to advertisements in every single moment because of the well developed techniques used. Woman ¿Ã‚ ½s image is always the essential part in TV ads. This has a big influence on the audience. a) The Influence of Sexy Images on Men: Advertisements that contain plenty of sexy bodies may affect the audience and shape their ideas about women. A sexy ad in which a woman wears a bikini gets the attention of men. A research done by Susan Fiske, a professor of psychology at Princeton University, shows that  ¿Ã‚ ½in men ,the brain areas are associated with handling tools and the intention to perform actions light up when viewing images of women in bikinis ¿Ã‚ ½(Landau,Elizabeth,2010). Another research uses  ¿Ã‚ ½brain scans ¿Ã‚ ½ to show that when we see images of sexy bodies  ¿Ã‚ ½an activity increased in a part of the brain called the premotor cortex, which is involved in taking actions ¿Ã‚ ½ (Lan, 2011). Moreover, these sexy images portrayed in TV ads tend to increase the sexual appetite of men. According to the authors Bram Van den Bergh, Siegfried Dewitt, and Luk Warlop,  ¿Ã‚ ½the desire for immediate rewards increased in men who touched bras, looked at pictures of beautiful women, or watched video cl ips of young women in bikinis running through a park ¿Ã‚ ½ ( Science Daily,2008). b) The Influence of Models on Men ¿Ã‚ ½s Desire and Want towards Their Wives: As models are portrayed in different and frequent ads in their stereotyped manner, men are influenced by their bodies ¿Ã‚ ½ attractiveness and they want their wives to become like these models. Men are attracted by young women with  ¿Ã‚ ½small lower part of face with full lips, high cheek bones and long neck, large eyes and small nose ¿Ã‚ ½ (Men know what they want, 2011). c) Male ¿Ã‚ ½s gaze: According to Jonathan Schroeder,  ¿Ã‚ ½to gaze implies more than to look at-it signifies a psychological relationship of power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze ¿Ã‚ ½ (Chandler, Daniel,2011). The male ¿Ã‚ ½s gaze is the way how a man considers a woman. As TV ads are plenty of sexy women employed by advertisers to sell products  ¿Ã‚ ½the idea being that if you buy what they are selling you will get the girl ¿Ã‚ ½ (Abgond, 2011). In this picture of Channel advertisement, Nicole Kidman appears in such a way  ¿Ã‚ ½looking straightly into the eyes of the viewer ¿Ã‚ ½ (Lowen Linda, 2010). This advertisement is directed to men, Mulvey explains  ¿Ã‚ ½males may believe that buying this product as a gift for a woman might make her look like the model in the advertisement  ¿Ã‚ ½, also using this perfume could change the way people look at you ¿Ã‚ ½Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ (Lowen Linda, 2010). Figure 6: An American actress in Channel ad 2.3 Stereotypes against Women in TV Advertisement and its Effects on Children: Television continues to represent women in highly stereotyped manner in order to influence viewers and specifically children who are easily affected. a) Stereotyping: In TV ads, women are portrayed in different ways. These images have an influence on children ¿Ã‚ ½s attitudes and beliefs. Children who watch female characters as  ¿Ã‚ ½passive, indecisive, and subordinate to men, and who see this reinforced by their environment, will likely believe that this is the appropriate way for females to behave ¿Ã‚ ½ (Witt, 2011). Furthermore, children after viewing female characters in advertisements, have difficulties to distinguish fantasy from reality  ¿Ã‚ ½Television characters are often exaggerated stereotypes that can distort children ¿Ã‚ ½s expectations of people in day-to-day life ¿Ã‚ ½ (Raizada,Parul, 2009). Moreover, women have a sex-role in TV ads and it leads to a harmful effect on children ¿Ã‚ ½s minds as they keep thinking about these sexual ads, young girls may feel inferior compared to this artificial beauty which may result in depression and underestimation of themselves. b) Violence against Women in Ads Influences Children Behavior: After watching TV ads involving violence against women, children may have aggressive thoughts which leads them to use violence against their sisters and even against their mothers. According to the psychologists Craig Anderson and Brad Bushman  ¿Ã‚ ½violent cognition may start a process that reinforces kid ¿Ã‚ ½s aggressive knowledge and makes them more likely to engage in aggressive acts ¿Ã‚ ½ (Science Daily, 2008). Moreover, when kids watch aggressive actions in TV ads, this may raise the risk and the aggressive tendencies children have ¿Ã‚ ½. The two psychologists confirm that when you let your children watch violent ads  ¿Ã‚ ½you are allowing your kids to have higher potential to engage in this activity and it puts them at a higher risk because they become desensitized to violence ¿Ã‚ ½. Due to the presence of violence used by males against women in TV advertisements, children are primarily influenced by these sights and that males are always superior to females. Cons equently, very terrible images are built in children ¿Ã‚ ½s memories which are based on gender inequity and violence. c) Women ¿Ã‚ ½s Tobacco Ads and its Impact on Children Behavior: Women are present in many tobacco advertisement which has a psychological effects on children. Tobacco advertisers use different techniques when advertising cigarettes. Their convincing tools influence many children and push them to consume tobacco products. In fact, celebrities shown in tobacco ads are a very important mean to convince children that tobacco is a sign of luxury and sophistication. Many famous tobacco companies tend to use this technique such as Winston, Virginia Slims, Salem and Marlboro. This picture shows a well known American singer with a tall cigarettes. Figure 7: An American singer in tobacco ad We all know that young people are more influenced by stars behavior .This is a deliberate message for children and adolescent to buy cigarette. Indeed, advertisers do not care about how harmful their product is, they only tend to enlarge their consumer base. * Questionnaire A: * Question 1: -How old are you? The sample analyzed

Solar Power Essay example -- science

Solar Power All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. The heat from the sun causes water on the Earth's surface to evaporate and form clouds that eventually provide fresh rainwater. Solar energy is the result of thermonuclear fusion reactions deep within the sun. These reactions produce so much energy that they keep the surface temperature of the sun at about 10,300B0F. Even though solar energy is the largest source of energy received by the Earth, its intensity at the Earth's surface is actually very low due to the large distance between the Earth and the sun and the fact that the Earth's atmosphere absorbs and scatters some of the radiation. Even on a clear day with the sun directly overhead, the energy that reaches the Earth's surface is reduced about 30 percent by the atmosphere. When the sun is near the horizon and the sky is overcast, the solar energy at ground level can be negligible. It also varies from one point to another on the Earth's surface. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, the sun's energy has become an increasingly attractive source for small amounts of direct power to meet human needs. A number of devices for collecting solar energy and converting it into electricity have been developed, and solar energy is used in a variety of ways. Solar energy is used to heat houses, and in many countries specially designed solar... Solar Power Essay example -- science Solar Power All life on Earth depends on energy from the sun. Solar energy is the source of energy for photosynthesis. It provides the warmth necessary for plants and animals to survive. The heat from the sun causes water on the Earth's surface to evaporate and form clouds that eventually provide fresh rainwater. Solar energy is the result of thermonuclear fusion reactions deep within the sun. These reactions produce so much energy that they keep the surface temperature of the sun at about 10,300B0F. Even though solar energy is the largest source of energy received by the Earth, its intensity at the Earth's surface is actually very low due to the large distance between the Earth and the sun and the fact that the Earth's atmosphere absorbs and scatters some of the radiation. Even on a clear day with the sun directly overhead, the energy that reaches the Earth's surface is reduced about 30 percent by the atmosphere. When the sun is near the horizon and the sky is overcast, the solar energy at ground level can be negligible. It also varies from one point to another on the Earth's surface. Nevertheless, in the 20th century, the sun's energy has become an increasingly attractive source for small amounts of direct power to meet human needs. A number of devices for collecting solar energy and converting it into electricity have been developed, and solar energy is used in a variety of ways. Solar energy is used to heat houses, and in many countries specially designed solar...

Historical Analysis Of Jerzy K :: essays research papers

An obscure village in Poland, sheltered from ideas and industrialization, seemed a safe place to store one ¹s most precious valuable: a 6-year-old boy. Or so it seemed to the parents who abandoned their only son to protect him from the Nazis in the beginning of Jerzy Kosinski ¹s provocative 1965 novel The Painted Bird. After his guardian Marta dies and her decaying corpse and hut are accidentally engulfed in flames, the innocent young dark-haired, dark-eyed outcast is obliged to trek from village to village in search of food, shelter, and companionship. Beaten and caressed, chastised and ignored, the unnamed protagonist survives the abuse inflicted by men, women, children and beasts to be reclaimed by his parents 7 years later--a cold, indifferent, and callous individual. The protagonist ¹s experiences and observations demonstrate that the Holocaust was far too encompassing to be contained within the capsule of Germany with its sordid concentration camps and sociopolitical upheaval. Even remote and  ³backward ² villages of Poland were exposed and sucked into the maelstrom of conflict. The significance of this point is that it leads to another logical progression: Reaching further than the Polish villages of 1939, the novel ¹s implications extend to all of us. Not only did Hitler ¹s stain seep into even the smallest crannies of the world at that time, it also spread beyond limits of time and culture. Modern readers, likewise, are implicated because of our humanity. The conscientious reader feels a sense of shame at what we, as humans, are capable of through our cultural mentalities. That is one of the more profound aspects of Kosinski ¹s work. It is this sense of connectedness between cultures, people, and ideas that runs through the book continuously. While the  ³backward ² nonindustrialized villages of Poland seem at first glance to contrast sharply with  ³civilized ² Nazi Germany, Kosinski shows that the two were actually linked by arteries of brutality and bigotry. Both cultures used some form of religious ideology to enforce a doctrine of hate upon selected groups whom they perceived to be inferior. Totalitarian rhetoric and Nietzschian existentialism replace a hybrid of Catholicism, which in turn replaces medieval superstition as the protagonist is carried from the innards of village life to the heart of totalitarian power. In the first several chapters of the novel the little protagonist is firmly convinced that demons and devils are part of the tangible, physical world. He actually sees them. They are not mythological

Making Work Better Essay

This was done by showing the different bubblers that the white people|leaves the audience in no doubt at all that racism is evil. This is most evident in the | |Use the film terms that you have been taught in |and the Negro people had to use. The white bubbler was a refrigerated one and the |establishing sequence. This sequence began with a medium shot focussing on two water fountains. | |class- this will be good for C3 –aesthetics |Negro bubbler was a broken non-refrigerated one. This represents the racism that |The signage of white and colored, with the white sign being higher than the coloured was subtle | |The selection of items should be based on the |is present in Mississippi straight away and symbolises that the whites are the |representation of the hierarchy within the South. There is quite an extended amount of time on this| |best information to prove your point. You also |preferred race. This is followed on by a car of cops chasing the care of activists |shot, signifying its importance. The lighting shrouds the white drinker in darkness, again quite | |need to select evidence that will not impede the|and pulling them over. This results in the death of the three activists. This is |subtly positioning the audience to reject the values that privilege white people over Negro people. | |fluency of your writing. |authentic representation as the shooting of the three students actually happened. The fact that the light shines over the evidently substandard ‘colored’ fountain perhaps suggests | |Stick to formal register – police over cops for |The cops go on to joke about ‘killing’ a nigga’ and this represents the hatred and |that the director wants to ‘shine a light’ on the racism within Mississippi. When this is combined | |example – unless of course you are quoting |brutality that is shown towards the Negros. The attitude of the cops is juxtaposed|with the next sequence which shows the suspenseful chase scene shrouded in arkness from the | |dialogue |with the attitude of the activists by showing the cops in a bad light by using |perspective of the civil rights activists brutally murdered by Southerners, the perspective of the | |Try not to retell the story – I know it. |close ups and darkness when showing them whereas the activists have an innocence |director is blindingly obvious- racism is clearly evil. |Bold in your homework all C3 words as a way of |and a victimised representation to position the audience to sympathise for them, |Knowing the facts of what happened and then seeing it in a brutal recreation is gut wrenching in its| |giving yourself a quick visual check that you |and support the Negroes. The Ku Klux Klan is also a representation of racism in |ugliness. This evocative response is guaranteed when the naivete of the civil rights workers whom | |have covered all of them enough. |Mississippi. Symbolism and motifs are used to show where the Klan has been |the audience get to see are juxtaposed against the malevolent people chasing them (whom we don’t see| |Try to make sure your topic sentence and |present. These are by reoccurring music, burning cross, and white hoods. These |until the murder takes place). The close ups makes both the fear of the activists and the hatred of| |clincher sentence mirror each other without |things are authentic and support what actually happened in real life. Racism is |their pursuers very real to the audience. When the audience realises that it is the police not only| |directly repeating yourself. |represented effectively throughout the opening scenes in Mississippi Burning. |perpetrating the crime, but laughing about â€Å"killin’ a nigger’ (Parker, 1989) – it is clear that | |Your perspective on the film should be very | |these racist values are abhorrent! These opening scenes establish the director’s perspective | |clear by the strong assertive judgement words | |clearly. Later in the film this is further represented by the excessive violence of the Ku Klux Klan| |used. Highlighted in yellow. | |(KKK). Commonly known motifs such as the white hoods and the burning cross make it clear this is a | |Adding in all of the important info means my | |film based upon a recognisable and authentically represented time in history which makes seeing the | |paragraph was too big, but you can see a natural| |visuals more powerful. These clever film and narrative techniques create a representation of racism| |break with sentences that can act as topic | |that one can’t help but despise. | |sentences and clincher sentences. DO NOT do | | | |monster paragraphs!! | | |