The Dangers Of Peer Pressure Lead To Teen Suicide

Peers play a major role in social media and in our everyday lives. People believe that peer pressure leads to teen suicide because teens feel as if they are not accepted into any groups, and this makes any teen feel like no one likes them. This leads to depression and causes teen to self-harm or even worse take their life. â€Å"Teens turn to friends for support when they are feeling depressed and suicidal, and this is because they are their peers, so they might be able to help them through their problems† (National Suicide Prevention Lifeline). Peer pressure makes a teen a whole different person by making them do or act in ways they normally would not do if they were not pressured. Teens see on social media pictures of their†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"The analysis showed that people who reported using the most platforms (seven to 11) had more than three times the risk of depression and anxiety† (Zagorski web). The younger the person is when exposed to social m edia the more likely they are to suffer from depression and anxiety. With teen’s brains not fully developed and using multiple social media site this could lead to negative thought or feeling in a teen. This could lead to making a teen self-harm or committing suicide. With so many teens on social media and so many emotions on these sites they are contagious to read, however when a teen reads these statuses it also can make them feel the same way. So, when a teen reads a depressing status it can cause them to feel the exact same way. Teen’s emotions are changing every day, and with this comes some major depression. This is because teens may feel like with their mood swings that their peers and people they look up to will not like them. Every teen will experience some sort of mood swing but how they deal with it is up to them. â€Å"When a teen starts getting depressed they should talk to either their friends, parents, or a consular to help them with their depressionâ⠂¬  (Smith). Teens show depression on social media and their peers take advantage of that and nobody even cares most of the time until the person takes their life. In my belief I think the leading cause of teenShow MoreRelatedSome Of The Effects That Peer-Pressure Have On Teens1176 Words   |  5 Pages Some Of The Effects That Peer-Pressure Have On Teens Teens are effected in so many ways by peer pressure is social pressure by member of ones peer group to take a certain action, adopt certain values, or other wise conform in order to be accepted. Peer pressure effect different teens in different ways. Teen are often being pressured into using drugs, having sex, drinking and bullying, the list goes on. When the peer pressure becomes overwhelming teens suffer great effects such social anxiety, depressionRead MoreAntidepressants for Teens: To Be or Not To Be? Essay1546 Words   |  7 PagesEven though antidepressants serve as a temporary relief for teens with depression, they should not be considered an effective treatment to cure depression due to the side effects, risk of addiction, and increase thoughts of suicide. â€Å"Teen depression is a serious condition that affects emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Issues such as peer pressure, academic expectations, and changing bodies can bring a lot of ups and downs for teens† (Mayo Clinic). Depression does not discriminate; no matter whatRead MoreStress And The Lgbt Teenager1738 Words   |  7 PagesStress and the LGBT Teenager Stressful teens are everywhere, existing in every middle and high school, hoping to get through the day. The amount of homework, after-school activities and social scene can put a lot of demands on a teen, especially a teenage girl. But, if you are a lesbian teenage adolescent, everything gets even more difficult and can lead to problems including stress, anxiety, depression and even suicide. The teen years represent a time when children begin to discover who they areRead MoreThe Dangers of Obedience to Authority: Writing and Reading Across the Cirriculum770 Words   |  4 Pagessomeone hurts themselves or others due to an authority figure’s direct influence on them. In the infamous psychologist, Stanley Milgram’s, experiment, people were told to administer shock to a peer for not answering a question correctly. This experiment shows the dangers of obeying authority. Though the â€Å"peers† were acting, the subjects fully believed they were truly administering s hock to another human being. This shows that the line between respectful obedience to an authority figure and a dangerousRead MoreKids and Social Networking: Danger at Their Fingertips? Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagesseems like an average teen or pre-teen has to take a â€Å"selfie† every 5 minutes. Some of these teens say it is good to have such a reliable way to connect with friends over social networking websites. Is this an accurate statement? Is this true without any complications or flaws? Does a person on an average daily basis hear good news on a channel stating that there is no danger? There are noticeable flaws within these social networking websites. Such flaws can lead to horrific danger, and it is at a person’sRead MorePromoting A Drug Awareness Program For Teens1695 Words   |  7 PagesAwareness Program for Teens Teen drug use/abuse is common. According to the U. S. Department of Health Human Services, the most common drugs teens use are alcohol, marijuana, tobacco, and prescription drugs (2016). Other drugs used are inhalants, over-the-counter medications, and other illegal drugs such as cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin. The use of drugs and alcohol increase the risk of injury or death. According to WebMD, alcohol and drug abuse is a leading cause of teen death or injuryRead MoreDrug Addiction1074 Words   |  5 PagesDrug Addiction Drug abuse is an increasing epidemic in today’s society. There are so many types of drugs being abused today, both legal and illegal. These drugs affect the human body in many different ways. Drug abuse can lead to addiction. â€Å"Drug addiction involves the repeated and excessive use of a drug to produce pleasure or escape reality despite its destructive effects† (â€Å"Environmental Health Perspectives,† 2005). Drug addicts believe that drugs are necessary for them to have a feelingRead MoreAdolescent Depression in the U.S. Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagescomplex issues, stress related problems, and pressure. These issues can lead to depression. Every 1 teenager out of 5 will develop a type of depression (Jones 1). â€Å"Adolescent depression is a disease that affects the psyche in a way that the person affected with it will act and react abnormally toward others and themselves† (Blackman 2). About 19 million Americans are diagnosed with some sort of depression. 9 million of them are adolescents (Jones 1). Suicide is affiliated with depression greatly.Read MoreThe Main Environmental And Emotional Causes And Crisis Intervention Of Teen Suicide Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesThis paper will discuss the main environmental and emotional causes and crisis intervention of teen suicide based on experimental facts and assessment studies. In today’s society, suicide rates continue to rise amongst teens. In some suicide cases, family and friends are caught completely off guard as signs can be misinterpreted. Why does suicide come as a surprise to family and friends and what can be done to decrease the record high will be one of the points within this paper. Early recognitionRead MoreTeenagers, Drugs , and Peer Pressure Essay1277 Words   |  6 PagesTeenagers, Drugs , and Peer Pressure Drug use is an increasing problem among teenagers in todays high schools. Most drug use begins in the teenage years, these years are the most crucial in the maturing process. During these years adolescents are faced with the difficult tasks of discovering their self identity, clarifying their sexual roles, assenting independence, learning to cope with authority figures and searching for goals that would give their lives meaning. Drugs are readily available

Japan s Should Be Handled With Dignity And Respect

Sano Japan Student Essay Going to Sano, Japan would be an honor. An honor that should be handled with dignity and respect. I have what it takes to go to Japan. I have the desire, experience, qualities and a strong passion to learn new things, this will make me an excellent student ambassador. Going to Japan will not only benefit me but also the people around me too. I will share my academic journey with the people I meet along the way, as well as share some of the various activities and experiences with everyone back home. I will also take the time to listen to the people of Sano on a personal level and activities in order to learn more about their personalities and culture. I would rather experience everything myself rather than looking at what I could be doing on Google. The trip to Japan will be my opportunity to step out of my comfort zone, and explore different viewpoints and customs. I feel my interest and desire to learn new things, makes me the best candidate. Experience is the main reason I desire to go to Japan. People of my generation need to step away from technology and experience things first hand. I am willing to step away from technology, not because I have to, but because I want to. Going to Japan will allow me to experience a whole new place on the other side of the world. Not only will I be experiencing a new culture, I’ll be away from all technology and luxuries we have here. If I go, I will develop a whole new viewpoint on life. I have seen theShow MoreRelatedMarriage: A Right For All Essay2378 Words   |  10 Pagespeople to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created eq ual, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these areRead MoreLean Operations And Supply Chain3345 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction Lean operations and supply chain originated from the Toyota Production System in Japan and have influenced manufacturing over the past two to three decades. Lean is described as the product of applying the Toyota Production System to all areas of an industrial process. Toyota’s strategies are based on Just in Time manufacturing, continuous flow, reducing lead times, eliminating non-value added waste, and excess inventory, a pull system centred on customer demand and continuous improvementRead MoreAsian Values And Cultural Diversity2375 Words   |  10 PagesThe term Asian Values has various definitions. Generally, the phrase alludes to influences from Confucianism in particular, filial piety or loyalty towards the family, corporation, and nation; the forgoing of personal freedom for the sake of society s stability and prosperity; the pursuit of academic and technological excellence; and, a strong work ethic together with thrift. Proponents of so-called Asian values, who tend to support Asian style authoritarian governments claim these values are moreRead MoreCross Cultural Communication9880 Words   |  40 Pagesdynamics of a country or region can be very helpful to understand why people act the way they do, and the appropriate way you should act while in that country. As international, multinational, trans-national, multi domestic, and global business continues to expand and bring people closer, the most important element of successful business outcomes may be the appreciation and respect for regional, country, and cultural differences - known as cultural diversity. 1. Introduction The advent of the globalRead MoreBusiness Management Administration Module8974 Words   |  36 Pagesspecial individuals who are treated with respect, and love their job because they are able to have fun as long as their task(s) are completed. He sees that Sky Airlines considers their employees as an asset to the success of their airline. Therefore, an employee who works at Sky Airlines is required to do their job efficiently by keeping safety and service as a high priority. Because the airline already has lower prices, does not mean their other qualities should follow. Therefore, this airline hasRead MoreStarbucks : A Coffee And Coffee House Chain Company4861 Words   |  20 PagesStarbucks and its industry; examine the current market and future market conditions and suggestions for maximizing the organization’s future profits and growth. Starbucks has expanded rapidly over the years, opening a new store every workday during the 1990’s. The first Starbucks location outside of North America opened in Tokyo in 1996. In 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle’s Best Coffee. Currently there are over 172,000 employees of Starbucks, and the company’s 2007 revenue exceeded $9.4Read MoreStarbucks Market Conditions – Present and Future Essay5366 Words   |  22 Pagesand its ind ustry; examine the current market and future market conditions and suggestions for maximizing the organization’s future profits and growth. Starbucks has expanded rapidly over the years, opening a new store every workday during the 1990’s. The first Starbucks location outside of North America opened in Tokyo in 1996. In 2003, Starbucks completed the purchase of Seattle’s Best Coffee. Currently there are over 172,000 employees of Starbucks, and the company’s 2007 revenue exceeded $9.4Read MoreQuality Management Project4548 Words   |  19 Pages * Customer Satisfaction is the driving force of the company. * Always look to past successes and failures for inspiration. * Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. * Contribute positively to our communities and our environment. 2.4 Company Size and Competitors Dyson currently has 3588 people working worldwide excluding contractors around the world. It spends  £4m on travel every year and thereRead MoreYasuni Itt7226 Words   |  29 Pagesis, striving for â€Å"good capitalism† – and those who hold anticapitalist positions. The author of this article argues that a Left that does not give up on the generation of alternatives to capitalism but at the same time is responsible for governing, should think about a â€Å"great transition† without losing sight of the horizon of a â€Å"great transformation†. This article analyzes the Yasunà ­-ITT Initiative and presents it as an example of how to merge concrete and innovative proposals (transition) and utopiasRead MoreHbr Cases Csr Outsourcing in Tangers 2 P6893 Words   |  28 Pages  Global  society  was   urging  apparel  industry  players  to  adopt  a  more  responsible  attitude  to  be  embraced  by  their   entire  bus iness  value  chain,  including  vendors  and  outsourced  suppliers.  Thus,  Inditex  was  held   responsible  for  what  went  on  at  outsourcing  shop  s  owned  by  Moroccan,  Peruvian,  Chinese  or   Indian  businessmen.  This  was  precisely  why  Javier  Chà ©rcoles,  Social  Responsibility  Department   director   at   Inditex,   was   losing   sleep:   how   could   they   know   for   sure   what   happened   in   over   1,800  outsourcing  shops  scattered  all  around  the  world

Id System Using Rfid with Sms Technology free essay sample

RFID tags are limited for tracking consumer products worldwide. Manufacturers’ uses this tags to track the location of their products from the time of being delivered and until the consumers received it. The automated wireless AIDC systems are super effective in the field of manufacturing and producing items where barcode labels are eliminated or could not survive. AIDC commonly used for identifying items, receive information about it and also to enter new information or edit the old information with just directly using the computer and wont involve human interaction. The proponents propose study â€Å"ID System using RFID with SMS Technology for East Central College† goals to modify the old process of monitoring the absences and the late of the student of San Vicente Pilot School for Philippine Craftsmen. Also, the propose system will be able to notify the parents or guardian of the student via Short Message Services (SMS) according to the presence of their child. We will write a custom essay sample on Id System Using Rfid with Sms Technology or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Lately, other schools are not able to monitor the attitude of their students and could not reach for the parents to consult about their children. The proposed study also targets to fasten up the process of checking up the schedule of the students of San Vicente Pilot School for Philippine Craftsmen and to reach up with the parents in case of any trouble or some unnecessary event via an SMS. The SMS technology will help both teachers and faculty members to announce if there is an emergency meeting in the school. Background of the Study East Central College (ECC) has been a education institute since July 23, 1945 by Mr. Ciriaco C. Toledano, who had a dream of opening a school when he was still working with the American Restless every night, dictated by his intense desire to follow his dream of building a school someday. He started mapping out his plan on how he could possibly pursue that vision and dream. Certainly this was a great Herculean task. There were numerous obstacles and impediments along the way, foremost of which was financial support. The opening of his school was quite timely for news about the great need for employees at Clark Air Base spread throughout the town of San Fernando, Pampanga. Situated behind the (San Fernando Electric Light and Power Company). The school was housed under a dilapidated residential building left destroyed after the Japanese Occupation. The size of the classroom was only 4 meters by 8 meters. The ground floor was not cemented and the surrounding walls and ceiling were covered with mere bamboo sawali. About60 students enrolled on the date of the opening; hence the founder was forced to look for additional typewriters to meet the big number of enrollment. Thus, after one week the typewriters were increased to six.

Nursing Assignment Private and Public Healthcare Systems

Question: Describe about the Nursing Assignment for Private and Public Healthcare Systems. Answer: Is there a relationship between health and human rights? Health and human rights are interdependent on each other for exploring about people's health and wellbeing. Health is defined as a state of physical, psychological and mental well-being of humans and it is every human's right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of health (Nobile, 2014). The existence of this human right is crucial to the attainment of other rights in the society too. Health professional plays a vital role in balancing health and human rights by providing the high quality of care to all patients without any discrimination or human rights violation (Bowling, 2014). The possible human rights that could be related to health are the right to health information, the right to privacy, the right to non-discrimination in health service delivery, the right to safe delivery of care and right to safe and working conditions in the society (Ife, 2012). The first link between health and human right is seen from the impact of existing health policies and programs on human rights. The ideal approach for making any health policies would be to achieve a fine balance between public health goals and the basic human rights goal. The modern concept of health focussed on the discipline of advanced medicine that focus on the individual person and the public health discipline which addressed the health issues in a selected population. Besides this, the modern concept of human rights is listed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under the UN Charter. The human rights law mainly focuses on the impact of states action on citizens such as exploitation of natural resource and the harm caused to residents by the action. However public health decisions and policies are made in an unsystematic manner, there is a need to attain goals of the policy without being a burden to human rights (Winter et al., 2016). The second link between health and human right is that violation of human rights may lead to adverse impact on health. Abuse of human rights is evident from incidents like mental torture, inhuman treatment of servants, rape, and mistreatment. This form of torture significantly affects the mental and social development of a person, and the victim suffers from acute depression and mental disorder. In the context of human rights, the second form of violation witnessed in the society is the violation of the right to health information (Braveman, 2014). For example, in the case of tobacco sale or contraceptive pills, it has been found that the harmful health effects or valid biological impacts of the drug are not stated. This is a serious violation and may lead to the huge cost to the health system due to harmful effects of the drug or tobacco. In a similar way, many such links between health and human rights exist in the society. The above information gives an insight into basic health right of human and what the society needs to do to promote the well-being of the community. However, both positive and negative link between health and human rights exists. Therefore, health professionals and public health department have the responsibility to understanding the crucial relationship between health and human rights to promote access to health and promote the well-being of the society. Do privatized health care systems deliver better care? Public health care system is a tow-tier system divided into government-provided health care services and privatized health care service. While government health care services are more affordable for patients, the privatized health care service is costly as it provides quick service in case of the health emergency. Privatized health care systems are mainly more efficient compared to the public health sector regarding quality of service and pace at which service is delivered. While public-sector service is more equitable, the advantages of the privatized health care system are more accountable and sustainable than the public sector. A majority of the population mainly relies on private care due to good hygienic condition, high quality and experienced medical professionals, the availability of complex diagnostic instruments or tools and the efficacy of health outcome. The Australian health care system is a combination of public and private settings that provide a variety preventive and public health services to the community. The different types of service include primary health care, palliative care, rehabilitation service, emergency health service and hospital based service. Private sector operated the privatized health care system. Based on different public opinion, it can be said that mostly patients seek private health care service to receive treatment in lesser time. Government based service are mainly over-burdened with patients, and this leads to long waits for patients to seeks medical care (Duggan et al., 2015). Hence private health care system solves this problem to get quick access to care but with an additional cost involved. The success of privatized health care also stems from the fact that physicians and health professionals have the scope for more diverse and competition in health care delivery. Due to the open nature of privatized care, health professionals also aim to provide better service to attract more patients as far as possible. This is also important to build a level of trust with the health care receivers. Hence, in developed countries, the main objective is to utilize the knowledge of highly experienced medical professionals by giving support with sophisticated medical infrastructure and equipment. In poor countries the facilities may not be as sound as developed countries and the private health care system is fragmented. They may be dominated by unregulated groups due to which the quality is compromised in some private health care systems too (Basu et al., 2012). The rise of private health care system has been possible mainly due to increased privatization. Due to unappealing conditions experienced in government hospitals, consumers prefer private facilities. These are more accessible, efficient and have no shortage of staffs and drugs. The increase in affluence and financial stability of people have also spurred the demand for private health care service. Health rights have also been recognized by this model of service delivery, and it has given patients solidarity regarding health. Privatization has also enhanced the obligation to protect citizens and decrease the incidence of infringement of human rights. Private health care staffs are more vigilant due to strict guidelines for maintaining high quality of care in the hospital setting. Better accountability for health decisions has also been achieved by this service in the presence of efficient regulatory health policies (Mills, 2014). Second section Does racism inhibit the provision of adequate nursing care? Racism is defined as practice of systematic oppression and exploitation of different racial groups (Hall Fields 2013). Racism continues to be the part of the tradition of Australian society which is affecting the health care system, the minority population, and the profession of nursing. It is the prominent and a negative prejudice existing in countries such as Australia and America. The quality of the health care is affected in both cases when the racism is from patients end and from the nurses end. The essay discusses the issue in detail supporting the facts with literature review. In Australia Racism is found to be manifested in the attitude of nurses towards the patients, colleagues and other health care professionals of different ethnic group. Racism impacts the health environment as well those people receiving the care services (Moceri, 2014). The nurses discriminate the patients on the basis of their race and do not provide equal care services to all the patients. Eventually these nurses do not fill obliged to detail the benefits, side effects, risks, associated with the case before the client agrees to participate thereby violating the principles of Ethics and Human Rights. According to Greer et al. (2014) African-American nurses failed to adhere to guidelines of diseases such as cardiovascular disease or hypertensions as a result of discrimination against blacks. It is leading to high a mortality and morbidity rate which is significantly varying among different racial and ethnic groups. Patients experiencing racial discrimination from the nurses fail to build therapeutic relationship with nurses. Therefore, nurses fail to meet the needs of the patients due to such biasness as their attitude impacts their empathy, compassion, and sensitivity towards the patients. Therefore, patients feel that their respect and dignity is not maintained. It was found from the study of Williams Mohammed, (2013) that lack of culturally competency among the nurses is one of the major causes of high representation of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders in death and disability. Nurses in many cases have been found to be both the victims and the perpetrators of racial discrimination. Robinson (2014) studied that nursing care is effected when the patients of Indigenous community prefer nurses and physicians only belonging to same race and often reject those nurses assigned to them if found of different religion and race. This selective mistreatment adversely affects the attitude of nurses towards their responsibilities and services as it undermines the work experience. This impacts the provision of adequate care as nurses are identified with groups that are the targets of discriminatory behaviors. Patients with such negative prejudice make decisions based on their perceptions (Robinson, 2014). For example, patients prefer nurses belonging to same race irrespective of their experiences and high qualification believing he/she would deliver high quality care. This really deprives them of high quality care in cases the chosen nurse is nave and not competent with nursing skills. In conclusion racism inhibits the provision of adequate nursing care. The nursing committee of Australia is working towards delivery of health care to all the people and in promotion of justice. There is a need of eradicating racism at a pace greater than that occurring currently as discrimination in health services based on personal characteristics such as race is not morally and ethically correct. Is economic inequality a threat to good health? Australia is one of the wealthiest countries in this world and is found with increasing incidence of economic inequality (Fenna Tapper, 2015). According to the ABS survey data the increase has been found substantial in the period 2001-2010. The relation between health and economic inequality has been deduced by epidemiological researches several years ago. Income inequality effects health and social life and is harmful beyond a certain threshold (Whiteford, 2014). The essay discusses the issue in details in the subsequent sections and supports the fact with literature review. According to Pickett Wilkinson, (2015) high risk of schizophrenia is observed in the countries with larger rich-poor gaps. The US based study by Mackenbach, (2012) revealed that high level of stress is observed in households with annual income below $60000 compared to households with high annual incomes. This indicates the effect of income inequality on the mental health. The economic inequality hinders good health of people and is evident from the economists and health experts comment that people living in poorer societies live shorter lives (Fenna Tapper, 2015). According to Fletcher Guttmann, (2013), high level of economic inequality is responsible poor health outcomes such as life expectancy, obesity, and infant mortality. Epidemiological studies by Kawachi Subramanian, (2014) argue that poverty may affect good health but economic inequality negatively effects the health of affluent as well. Such inequality negatively influences the social cohesion. This results in increase o f fear, stress and insecurity for everyone (Saunders, 2015). These results are consistent with the studies of Mackenbach, (2012) which showed that in American states whites in comparison to blacks have low mortality rates but have higher incomes. Further, places with high population of blacks have relatively high mortality and income inequality. People experiencing income inequality have high anxiety level about status. The competition for status increases as economic inequality places people in different hierarchy (Pickett Wilkinson, 2015). This increase in stress is due to difficulty in living with few rich people in community (Pickett Wilkinson, 2015). This is consequently translated into mental health problems and cardiac diseases among low-income earning groups. Saunders, (2015) studied that due to economic inequality the income is concentrated in fewer hands. Consequently, more number of low-income households are generated. Lack of money decreases the accessibility to better health services. However Whiteford, (2014) argued that economic inequality does not affect all the groups in the society at a same level. The study demonstrated that in equal countries people in lower socio-economic groups have better health when compared to similar groups in unequal countries. Based on the literature review it can be concluded that economic inequality effects good health. However not all the studies have showed an independent effect of the economic inequality on health. Other factors also play a role such as social policies, individual income, ethnicity and others. Overall economic inequality mainly has more negative impact on health than positive effect. A strict measurement of inequality during household income surveys is necessary to develop strategies to minimize the gap. References Basu, S., Andrews, J., Kishore, S., Panjabi, R., Stuckler, D. (2012). Comparative performance of private and public healthcare systems in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review.PLoS med,9(6), e1001244. Bowling, A. (2014).Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Braveman, P. (2014). What is health equity: and how does a life-course approach take us further toward it?.Maternal and child health journal,18(2), 366-372. Duggan, M., Gruber, J., Vabson, B. (2015).The Efficiency Consequences of Health Care Privatization: Evidence from Medicare Advantage Exits(No. w21650). National Bureau of Economic Research. Fenna, A., Tapper, A. (2015). Economic inequality in Australia: A reassessment.Australian Journal of Political Science,50(3), 393-411. Fletcher, M., Guttmann, B. (2013). Income inequality in Australia.Economic Round-up, (2), 35. Greer, T. M., Brondolo, E., Brown, P. (2014). Systemic racism moderates effects of provider racial biases on adherence to hypertension treatment for African Americans.Health Psychology,33(1), 35. Hall, J. M., Fields, B. (2013). Continuing the conversation in nursing on race and racism.Nursing outlook,61(3), 164-173. Ife, J. (2012).Human rights and social work: Towards rights-based practice. Cambridge University Press. Kawachi, I., Subramanian, S. V. (2014). Income inequality.Social epidemiology, 126-152. Mackenbach, J. P. (2012). The persistence of health inequalities in modern welfare states: the explanation of a paradox.Social science medicine,75(4), 761-769. Mills, A. (2014). Health care systems in low-and middle-income countries.New England Journal of Medicine,370(6), 552-557. Moceri, J. T. (2014). Hispanic nurses experiences of bias in the workplace.Journal of Transcultural Nursing,25(1), 15-22. Nobile, M. (2014). WHO Definition of Health: A Critical Reading, The.Med. L.,33, 33. Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: a causal review.Social Science Medicine,128, 316-326. Robinson, O. V. (2014). Characteristics of racism and the health consequences experienced by black nursing faculty.ABNF Journal,25(4). Saunders, P. (2015). Book review: Andrew Leigh, Battlers and Billionaires: The Story of Inequality in Australia.The Economic and Labour Relations Review,26(1), 164-169. Whiteford, P. (2014). chapter 3 AUSTRALIA: INEQUALITY AND PROSPERITY AND THEIR IMPACTS IN A RADICAL WELFARE STATE.Changing Inequalities and Societal Impacts in Rich Countries: Thirty Countries' Experiences, 48. Williams, D. R., Mohammed, S. A. (2013). Racism and health II: a needed research agenda for effective interventions.American behavioral scientist, 0002764213487341. Winter, S., Settle, E., Wylie, K., Reisner, S., Cabral, M., Knudson, G., Baral, S. (2016). Synergies in health and human rights: a call to action to improve transgender health.The Lancet,388(10042), 318-321.

Anne Hutchinson Essays - American Political Philosophy,

Anne Hutchinson Anne Hutchinson She was born as Anne Marbury in 1591 in Alford, England. Her father, Francis Marbury, was an official in a church in Cambridge. He was not content with the Church. He declared publicly that many of the church ministers were not fit to guide people's souls, and for that he was jailed for a year. Even so, he continued verbally attacking the Church, claiming that high church officials freely appointed whoever they wanted, and those people were not usually qualified for their positions. Tired of constant arrests and inquisitions, he finally chose conformity and calmed down. Anne spent a lot of time reading her father's books on theology and religion. She admired his defiance of traditional church principles. She was also fascinated with theological questions like those about the fate of the Native Americans, who did not know about salvation. When she was twenty-one, she married a man named Will Hutchinson and became known as Anne Hutchinson. She also became a mother to fi fteen children. There was a minister, John Cotton, who she always admired. He was originally a Protestant, but as time passed he leaned more and more towards Puritan beliefs. Like her father, he spoke about the corruption in the clergy and called for purification of the Church. He recognized the destructive influence of the Catholic Church on the Church of England, and talked about opportunities for religious freedom in America. Anne Hutchinson's family went to Reverend Cotton's church every Sunday to hear his preachings. Eventually, John Cotton's dream came true, and he was able to cross the Atlantic Ocean and come to New England. In 1634, Anne Hutchinson took her family and followed him to Massachusetts. She wanted to express her increasingly Puritanic views, and she wished to be once again part of John Cotton's congregation. During her voyage to America, she assembled groups of women to discuss religion. She spoke of her views, and became known as a radical. She even claimed that God had revealed to her knowledge of the day of their arrival. Out of sheer coincidence, or for some other unknown reason, she guessed it correctly as September 18, 1634. To her great surprise, New England turned out to be more religiously constrictive than England ever was for her. She was not welcomed warmly by John Cotton because of her unorthodox views. He told her that it would be best for her if she would withhold from speaking about her views. As a prerequisite for her acceptance into the Puritan Church, she had to accept that she was guilty of wrong thinking on the ship and God had not really revealed to her the day of their arrival and that it was a mere guess. She compromised, but in her mind she still held on to her views. She believed that faith alone could bring salvation. She also believed that all people could talk to and receive an answer from God if they would listen. She once said that she felt that nothing important could happen if it was not revealed to her by G od beforehand. Seeing the apprehension of the Church and the community at her views, she only expressed them in the privacy of her own home where she sometimes assembled women to share her ideas with. She was never in open defiance of the Church. Although she disagreed with some of its principles, she was still its devoted member. John Cotton also understood the harsh regime of the Puritan Church and its intoleration of nonconformity. He once said that in New England, members of the Church suffered for having a mind of their own. There was another prominent religious figure in New England. His name was John Winthrop, Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. His dream was to found a city where the Puritan religion would be followed with utmost devotion. He sincerely believed in the inferiority of women to men. He also believed that a woman who devoted herself to reading and writing had lost her understanding and reason. He wrote that women should leave the intellectual work to men, whose minds are stronger. He urged them to honor and keep the place that God had set for

Chinese Legal System essays

Chinese Legal System essays One of the most interesting forces in modern world trade and globalization is China. Indeed, while its presence in the world market is not a recent phenomenon, the globalization effect has necessitated recent changes in Chinas trade system, specifically in the private enterprise sector. In this, the greatest challenge China faces is realizing its goal of encouraging enterprise and trade while at the same time retaining the centuries-old traditions on which the country has historically thrived. China appears to be thriving on several arenas of the global trade paradigm. In terms of imports, the countrys membership in the World Trade Organization since 2003. In the same year, it was listed as the third largest commodities importer. This, along with the countrys willingness to open its policies to create a more friendly environment for foreign traders, has rapidly expanded the countrys total foreign trade volume. However, the country also faces several challenges in terms of its WTO membership commitments. One of these is its non-market economy status. This means that within the first 15 years of its membership, China is obliged to calculate its product prices in reference to other countries, rather than on the basis of its own production costs. This could mean significant losses in the countrys exports. Another challenge is the safeguard mechanism for specific products. This means that any member country could request a consultation with China if one of its export product prices increased dramatically. In terms of its domestic products, China also appears to experience a period of great prosperity. Several factors are responsible for this. These include political, cultural and economic factors that affect domestic product manufacture. A political and cultural factor relates to the improvement of private enterprise climate via offering membership in the Communist Party of China to ...

Bullying Should be Abolished Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Bullying Should be Abolished - Research Paper Example A second form of bullying is the verbal assault, which includes calling names or insulting an individual or worse still spreading rumors about the person (Rigby 225). In other cases, some bullies use text messages to intimidate an individual. Other bullies use the internet and intimidate others by posting nasty comments to an individual’s profile on a social network. Other bullies post pictures that seek to intimidate or raise issues on one’s reputation. Bullying may also be sexual in cases where the bully sends sexual photos, calls you names that touch on sexuality or physically harasses one sexually without their consent. Bullying can take place in school, neighborhood, workplace, and among peers. Other bullies find their prey on the internet and in cyber. Often victims face bullying because of their race, body shape, family, sexuality, and integrity. Bullying is a detestable act in society, and the institutions should abolish it and the government should establish an anti-bully policy. Bullying has devastating effects on the wellbeing of individuals and denies the victims opportunities of living freely. Bullies cause immeasurable intimidation on their victim affecting their self-esteem. According to scholars, the practice is common in high schools. Further, researchers believe that from the understanding of human development, humans build self-esteem during their teen age. High school students are in this age bracket and therefore their self-esteem is greatly affected. These students feel inferior to their fellow students and show signs of loss of self worth (William 2). Individuals, who experience a low self-esteem in their teen age, usually have difficulties in self-actualization later in their lives. They lack faith in themselves and unless they can rise above these challenges, they do not achieve their goals in life. From Rigby’s publication, it is also clear that victims of bullying have a higher likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders (227). This happens later in their lives if they face bullying at the tender age of eight years. It is unfair to deny an individual an opportunity to develop a high self-esteem and affect the rest of their lives. Children who are bullies show signs of depression and this indicates that bullying affects both the victim and the bully. Victims of bullying undergo extreme trauma. They feel empty and nobody comes to their rescue; they lose the reason for living and take their lives. This is usually so tragic to the family of such teenagers. Moreover, these teenagers die at a tender age and never live to see their dreams come true and this is a great loss to society in terms of potential. Families of the victims have a hard time accepting the death of their beloved children according to Colson in his article titled `Mother claims bullying led to daughter’s suicide’. Friends of the victims experience great loss too and tend to live in fear of the same happening to them. The main cause of reported suicide is usually because of feeling worthless and this ascertains to the fact that bullying can lead to suicide. Bullies can also consider suicide on realization that a victim committed suicide. This is because of guilt and even those not taking this option experience depression because of guilt. Bullying affects children negatively and reports

Cold War - Causes and Consequences of the Battle of Two Ideologies Essay

Cold War - Causes and Consequences of the Battle of Two Ideologies - Essay Example The cold war was the result of the clashing between capitalism and communism which at the moment were two opposing worldviews. For the two countries involved, the war was a battle between the two civilizations capitalism and communism. There was also the concern by the Soviet Union to protect its sovereignty by securing its borders. This was due to the two previous invasions in one century by the Germans in 1941 and Japan in 1904.In 1945, the U.S.A created and used the atomic bomb against Japan. This sparked an arms race with Russia attempting to make one of its own thus both countries created large stocks of missiles and other arms. There was also the threat that Russia felt after the U.S.A moved its bombers to Europe and the rearming of Germany as well as its admission to NATO. The war was further aggravated to show technological superiority using the space race as a platform with the launching of satellites into space by the race.Politically the war was meant to be a quest for dom inance across the world; thus, the competition between them and their political allies was geopolitical in that their allies were strategically found around the world. As a result, the United States aimed at containing the expansion of Soviet power. The two countries also sought to influence new governments the world over following the power vacuum after decolonization. For this, the United States backed brutal dictators only to prevent the spread of communism that was advocated for by the Soviet Union. As a result, the U.S. abandoned its ideals of self-determination. The cold war, in regard to politics, led to the election of anticommunist leaders into power such as Nixon, Regan, Kennedy, and Truman. The leaders and Truman in particular approved funds for developing nations, in Asia, Africa, and Latin America to curb communism.

Hispanic American Diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Hispanic American Diversity - Essay Example This essay stresses that usually, Cuban Americans have higher living standards than other ethnic minorities because of tight socio-economic support and family relations. Cuban Miamian community significantly affects socio-cultural and political background of the region; for example, it reflects on holidays celebration, carnivals, numerous soccer fields, menu in local cafes and restaurants. It impacts their relations with other Hispanic minorities, because â€Å"Cuban Miamians are slowly adjusting to sharing their influence with the growing diversity of Hispanics.† Life within community implies multigenerational families, respect of the elderly and steady family values. Dominican American females have more freedom in independent living, earning money and making career than the other Latinas. This paper makes a conclusion that younger generation prefers lifestyle and family model of White Americans. Approximately 30 – 35% of Puerto Ricans graduated from colleges and universities; this ethnic group has the highest percentage of skilled labor force in the USA. Puerto Rican American students are participated into ESL programs, but many of them know English perfectly. Large national communities promote socio-cultural support in the form of linguistic courses, professional advanced training etc.

Steroid Use In Professional Sports Sport Essay

Steroid Use In Professional Sports Sport Essay Steroid use in professional sports: are the punishments fair? Introduction Anabolic steroids are continually used by sporting professionals though major sporting organizations have banned their usage due to the negative attributes and effects associated with continued usage. Many nations are troubled by the increasing occurrences of usage of performance enhancing drugs exhibited by the sports people. Professional athletes and baseball players have been in the limelight especially during the summer and American Olympic Games. According to recent survey both old and seasoned sportspeople and athletes use steroids to enhance their performance. Teenagers also admit to have used the steroids at some point of their life (Paterson, 1998). A recent poll on US, about 43% of Americans believe that almost half of the athletic professionals and American Olympics athletes in the country use steroids. Since non medical usage of steroids is illegal, amendments have been advanced in the Anabolic steroid control regulations to make possessions of these drugs a federal crime. Anabolic steroids which are testosterone derivatives enable the body to quickly metabolize the ingested proteins thereby enabling quick synthesis and formation of skeletal muscle. Primarily, sports personalities have continually used the steroids in order to delay the feelings of fatigue and ultimately enabling a feeling of euphoria be exhibited. This boosts their performance levels. This document will highlight the prevalence of the vice amongst the sporting personalities and the kind of punishment advanced to the falters of the rules. With evidence from the Anabolic steroids governing bodies and major sports associations like the Olympics, NFL, NHL and the NBA, a critical analysis of the rules and penalties will be advanced. An agency referred to as World Anti- Doping has consistently maintained a list of steroids which are deemed to enhance performance like Dianabol, Anadrol, winstrol and oxandrin. Literature review Commonly abused steroids There are generally three types of steroids which are commonly abused by sports professionals. Anabolic, Cortico and androgenic steroids are available in the market though the US Government has banned their usage. Anabolic and androgenic steroids have growth and thickening effects on the users skeletal muscles, larynx, vocal chords as well as the bones while affecting a considerable loss in body fat. When taken a remarkable transformation in the body of the user is exhibited due to increased muscle bulk and general body strength. This is primarily the reason why many sports people opt to use the anabolic steroids due to increased strength and agility exhibited after continued usage (Rogak, 1992). Without a valid prescription usage and possession of anabolic steroids is illegal. The Cortico steroids are made in such a way that they mimic the function of the naturally occurring cortisone in the human body. Cortisone deals with injuries in the body by regulating inflammation in the body . The Cortico steroids are used in treatment of such illnesses as asthma, allergies and kidney diseases. Common street names advanced for these steroids include pumpers, weight trainers, Arnolds amongst others. Erythropoietin is commonly used by endurance athletes in a bid to improve on their performance. The drug works to increase the amount of red blood cells present in the body by stimulating the production and release of the red blood cells from the bone marrow. So when there are many red blood cells available in the body, a lot of oxygen is circulated in the body thereby increasing performance. Steroid use in sports The prevalence of steroid usage in sporting arena is high and stiff penalties have been advanced to the sports people found taking the drugs. Most athletes who take steroids do so in a bid to push the performance of their bodies past the limit thereby acquire a competitive advantage ahead of their opponents. Continued usage of steroids results to remarkable increase in muscle mass and strength thus giving the user a competitive edge over his opponents. Common usage of steroids is exhibited in those sporting activities which largely require a lot of strength and large size like football, baseball or wrestling as well as those requiring a lot of endurance like swimming and track athletes (Rogak, 1992). Body builders as well as individuals who fancy developed muscles largely fall prey in taking steroids. Except for the increased body strength and mass exhibited after continued usage of steroids, skill and performance of a player is not increased. It is such factors as the body size, age , diet and the frequency of training which determines the general performance of a sportsperson. Testing and Punishment procedures Every sporting agency has different procedures through which it administers testing and punishments to the players so as to determine whether they are under the influence of steroids. Though a lot of politics exists regarding the ways to administer testing of players, all stakeholders in the sporting arena acknowledge the need to test and make public the results thereby reduce the skepticisms associated with usage of steroids (Rogak, 1992). Challenges exist though, especially when players claim that a move to undertake testing will interfere with their privacy and the results may be maliciously influenced through falsely accusing the players of using steroids. Different sports have their testing procedures which they undertake. The minor league baseball players are tested for cocaine, marijuana, steroids as well as androstenedione. The first time offenders undergo education, counseling and treatment and are constantly subjected to random tests. Suspension from the league is affected to repeat offenders. NFL players are tested during the preseason with random tests being done throughout the season and offseason. A first time offender earns a four game suspension, a second offence earns six games suspension while a third offence earns a complete expulsion. For NBA, the rookies are tested four times each year with penalties of suspensions without pay being advanced to the falters. The US Olympic team has stringent testing procedures with such activities as blood doping, stimulants, alcohol, marijuana as well as mimetic being prohibited. Penalties differ depending on the substance used. Primarily the penalties range from public warnings to suspensions ranging from two to five years. Benefits of punishing steroid usage Since the inception of the Steroid control act many sports personalities involved in steroid usage have been stripped off their titles, medals and records held. Thus through the enforcement of the legislations regarding steroid usage issues of cheating as well as hollow victories have been minimized (Paterson, 1998). By not permitting the steroid users sports personalities to compete with the drug free sportspersons is a show of fairness as no competitor is given a competitive advantage over the other players. Sanctity is reverted to the sporting industry since no pressure is advanced to the drug free sportspeople to use steroids in order to continually remain competitive in their field. Constant drug testing need be upheld by all sporting bodies in order to completely deter sports people from taking the steroids while instilling stiff penalties to people found taking the drugs. Curbing Trafficking of steroids Steroids can be obtained from pharmaceutical companies without prescription. Due to the negative effects associated with the drugs most governments have banned their usage and stiff penalties are advanced to the users as well as anyone found in possession of the drugs. There are several proponents of criminalization of individuals found in possession of the drugs. Many people contend that through putting in place stiff penalties, trafficking of the steroids will be deterred (Roberts, 2005). Monitoring the internet selling sources of the steroids will help in reducing instances of influx of the drugs into the market. Relevant Government agencies need monitor such selling avenue so as to determine their source and destination. Strict controls which limit the substances produced by pharmaceutical companies will ensure that destructive drugs like steroids are not undertaken. The control act states that any individual involved in the manufacturing, distribution and dispensation of controlled substances should always register with the attorney general office (Paterson, 1998). Although this move helps in curbing the manufacture and distribution of the steroids, the booming trade of counterfeit labs which mimic the legitimate pharmaceutical companies has resulted. The black market of the steroid drugs which are substandardly manufactured has continually frustrated the Governments efforts to kick out steroids from the reach of the users. Steroids side effects Anabolic steroids are deadly drugs with massive side effects. Since the sporting personalities self administer the drugs without prescription from the physicians, damage caused on the body of a user cannot be underestimated since the right dosage and duration of medication is not adhered to (Roberts, 2005). The side effects exhibited differ between individuals depending on the length of usage, the type of drug taken, individual sensitivity as well as the dosage administered. â€Å"Roid rage â€Å"is particularly common amongst the steroid users where they portray uncontrollable behavior which is spontaneous and overly aggressive especially after they cease to use the drugs. The function of the liver is inhibited by oral use of AS. Liver Lesions have been exhibited by users of nortesterone as well as testosterone esters. The hospitalized patients of steroids have other illnesses like anemia, impotence and renal insufficiency. Usage of steroids with the 17- alpha- alkyl group cause liver turmoil (Roberts, 2005). More often than not the abnormalities are asymptomatic especially because peliosis as well as the liver tumors do not cause blood abnormalities. Continued use of steroids elicits structural changes in the formation of the heart while after discontinued usage ischemic tolerance remarkably decreases. Steroid users are at a greater risk of contracting prostrate cancer and susceptibility to getting skin infections. Since the AS is derived from testosterone, negative side effects are exhibited in the reproductive system. Decreased fertility, formation of breasts in men, irregularities in ovulation and menstrual cycle amongst women is exhibited. Thus through continued usage, males develop female characteristics whereas the females develop female characteristics. Growing children demonstrate viriliza tion, stunted growth and gynecomastia. Steroid usage affects the cardiovascular system resulting to increased blood pressure. The immune system is also affected resulting to decreased productivity of the immune system. Some less serious side effects of acne include acne, rosccea, hair loss and increased fat excretion. Instances of glucose tolerance decrease in the bodies of seasoned steroid users while the levels of insulin in the body considerably increase thus symptoms of type 2 diabetes will be exhibited. Findings and discussions Issue 1: Marion Jones imprisonment and stripping of records, medal and prizes won after 2000, September. She was an award winning track field athlete who admitted to taking performance enhancing steroids. Initially Marion Jones had denied ant involvement with drugs to the press, sports agencies and grand juries. In October, 2007 it was confirmed that Marion Jones returned the five medals she worn during the 2000 summer Olympics as was determined by the Anti doping agency of the U.S. Tim Montgomery was stripped his records after being found guilty of using steroids. He retired from sports immediately after the results were made public. The USA anti doping agency found him guilty of using the steroids as well as human growth hormones. A four year ban was imposed on him in December 2005 and consequently stripped him all the awards and records held since 2001. In 2008, Tim admitted that he took testosterone during the Sydney relay hence the reason why his team clinched the gold medal. Rule1: According to the 1990 Anabolic steroid control act, it is a criminal offence to use steroids by sports person in order to enhance athletic and cosmetic performance. Suspension and imprisonment is the ultimate punishment for the defaulters of the rule. Analysis1: The Anabolic steroid control act has placed the usage of steroids in the same class as such drugs as ketamine, LSD precursors as well as barbiturates. According to this act, Mariah Jones is guilty of possessing and using the steroids especially because she was involved in major competition events hence the reason why arrests, persecution and imprisonment was done. Tim Montgomery public admission that he used performance enhancers is a clear demonstration that the vice is deep-rooted amongst the athletes who wish to remain competitive in their various sports. The enforcement of the stipulated penalties serves to warn the users of the drugs against continued usage of steroids when undertaking major competitions. Conclusion1: it is vital that the kind of punishment advanced to sports personalities implicated in steroids use is stepped up in order to show other athletes who are already practicing and those aspiring that usage of steroids is totally unacceptable. Throughout the entire career of Marion Jones, accusations that she was involved in the usage of steroids existed but she always denied until the tests were done in 2007. Thus Marion Jones return of all awards won when she was competing under grand violation of the laid down rules. Issue 2: Ben Johnson, a well known Canadian sprinter enjoyed intense moments of fame in the 1980s especially after winning two bronze medals and a gold medal during the Olympics. During the 1987 world athletics championships and the 1988 summer Olympics he set world records for the 100m race. When traces of Stanozolol were discovered, he was disqualified thus loosing both records and the Olympic title. He was suspended from the field until 1991. After his comeback, he was again found guilty of doping with high levels of testosterone after which he was banned completely from athletics by the IAAF. Rule 2: The world Anti doping agency undertakes testing of blood samples as well as urine samples. Testing is a random and unannounced. A penalty for any offence is a two year ban from athletics competitions. Analysis 2: After the tests done at Seoul, Ben Johnson is reportedly to have denied ever doping. During the 1989 Durbin inquiry, he admitted that indeed he used the steroids under the guidance of his coach Charlie Francis who said that Johnson had always been using the steroids since 1981. Conclusion 2: The usage of steroids need be put on hold especially with the practicing athletes. If usage of steroids is to be continued, then the legitimacy of athletics will be questioned because the results produced are not naturally acquired. Since testing is random, enforcement of the laws becomes easy. Professional leagues which exhibit mysteries will be minimized and the credibility of professional leagues will not be questioned. Issue 3: Barry Bonds who was an acclaimed baseball player was implicated in steroid usage. Through association with steroid usage Barry Bonds awards and achievement in baseball were tainted. He had worn seven MVP awards and numerous homeruns and All-Stars. BALCO regulations completely withhold the usage of steroids thus the reason why Barry Bonds was not reassigned to the San Francisco giants during the 2008 baseball season. He played with the Pittsburgh pirates where his prowess was manifested without being revealed he was under the influence of steroids. Ken Caminiti is another baseball player who publicly admitted to the use of anabolic steroids. He played in the team Atlanta braves and worn three awards of Golden Gloves and the coveted 1996 MVP. His admission to the use of the steroids tainted completely the baseball profession where a common belief is held that all baseball players are indeed involved in the vice. Rule 3: Baseball players who test positive for amphetamines will be automatically tested for the second time with a second offence eliciting 25 game suspension while a third offence will elicit 80 games suspension. Analysis 3: A controversial career life of Barry Bonds was exhibited as he is notably amongst the major baseball players implicated in the usage of steroids. In the 2007, he was indicted for the evils of perjury especially since he obstructed justice when the case to determine investigation of the case and the outcome of the implications of the case. The case is still ongoing even now and its unlikely that he will be reinstated in the national team. Suspicions are high regarding the baseball players as most people believe that the players are souped with steroids in order to build on their muscles. Baseball players admit that a lot of pressure exists which forces them to take steroids especially in order to compete in the majors. Conclusion 3: Washingtons baseball commissioner has advanced several stringent measures in a bid to counter steroids. Players who fail the steroid tests will be required to miss more than a third of the seasons of the match. Due to the threat of legislations which have been spurred, players who use steroids have been put up for stiffer penalties. Stiff penalties are advanced to the players so as to limit occurrence of instances of steroid usage (Yesalis, 2000). The current penalties which are in existence include a 10 day suspension for the first offensive occurrence ,30 days for the second offence and in case of a third offence 60 days suspension is advanced. Most baseball clubs ensure that they test players during the spring training sessions with random training sessions being advanced throughout the seasons in order to ensure that players do not fall prey to the vice (Taylor, 2002). Off season testing is also advanced to the players. Several bills have been advanced in a bid to i ntensify punishments for baseball players who use steroids. Issue 4: An alleged East coast distributor of steroids was arrested with a huge stockpile of anabolic steroids. Rule 4: Non medical possession of anabolic steroids with the intention of personal use or resale is illegal. A first time possession of steroids attracts a punishment of imprisonment period of more than one year with an option of a minimum fine of $1,000. Possession with previous conviction of drugs will attract a 15 day to two years imprisonment or a fine of $2,500. People with more than two instances of charges of steroids will attract an imprisonment term of not less than 90 days and a fine of $5,000.A distributor of steroids attracts a $250,000 to $1,000,000 with an imprisonment option of up to 5 years. Analysis 4: The mere possession of steroids is punishable by law. Steroids users need be wary of the usage of the drugs because once police investigations are undertaken and athletes are found in possession of the steroids, stiff penalties are advanced. Legal penalties associate with the vice are massive as they incorporate jail terms of not less than two years. Sports people who self administer the steroids need to have a clue on the possible consequences associated with possession of the drugs. Conclusion 4: Anyone involved in the usage or in selling of steroids need to reconsider association with the drugs as this is the best way to go about it both medically and legally. The different types of steroids available in the market today do not contribute to improved performance of a sportsperson (Yesalis, 2000). Health side effects will no doubt result hence the reason stringent measures have been advanced to curb continued usage of the drugs. Conclusion The sports figures who are constantly using anabolic steroids to improve their athletic prowess encounter several side effects which ultimately shorten their lives and careers. Thus strict punishments as advanced so curb the vice especially amongst the teenagers who admit to have use the steroids at one point of their training so as to mimic the elite athletes. While many users admit increased body muscles and strength, an alarming increase in injury levels is exhibited (Taylor, 2002). Tendon and ligament injuries erupt due to the massive stress advanced by the overdeveloped muscles owing to the continue usage of steroids. Baseball players attest to the fact that rotator cuff injuries are on the increase due to the usage of steroids. In order to save the legacy of the sporting industries governments and sporting bodies need uphold the strict punishments in the sporting industry. Players need be sensitized on the dangers associated with taking the drugs as well as undertaking regular testing as its not a violation of the constitutional rights but a guard against unethical behavior of steroids abuse. Strategies like healthy nutrition as well as strength training programs need be devised to as to prevent the use of steroids amongst the sporting personalities. References Paterson, E (1998) Anabolic steroids and sports and drug testing, New York, U.S.A: Whitston Pub. Roberts, A (2005) Anabolic steroids. New York, U.S.A: Anabolic Information, LLC. Rogak, L (1992) Steroids: dangerous game. Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Publications Taylor, W (2002) Anabolic steroids and the athlete. North Carolina, U.S.A: McFarland, Yesalis, C (2000) Anabolic steroids in sport and exercise .New York, U.S.A: Human Kinetics.

Analysis of Identity in Jasmine Essay -- Literary Analysis, Bharati M

The novel Jasmine by Bharati Mukherjee is an incredible story about the transformation and life experiences of a Panjabi girl from India. The life of Jyoti is told from her point of view when she is twenty-four years old, and pregnant with the baby of Bud Ripplemeyer, a crippled banker who is more than twice Jyoti’s age. During the span of two months in Iowa, Jyoti narrates her biographical experiences in Punjab and in America as she strives to become independent. Jasmine illustrates that when one’s relationships go through changes, it will impact one’s identity. Born in Hasnapur in India, Jyoti is said to be the most beautiful and clever person in her family. Unlike her sisters and other girls, Jyoti excels in school and continues her education until the 8th grade despite her father’s disapproval. Education represents a way for Jasmine to separate from many girls her age including her sisters and to shape her identity. In other words, this allows her to break from the semi-feudal rural society in which she lives. Her life, like most Indian women in that time period, is controlled and dominated by her father and brothers, "Village girls are like cattle, whichever way you lead them, that is the way they will go" (46). Jyoti’s opinions are often considered unnecessary. The role of women in villages was only to be a mother and to manage household affairs. The first of many glimpses of Jyoti’s varying identities occurs during her marriage to Prakash. The first time Prakash talks to Jyoti, he says, â€Å"She is a woman of fine sympathies†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (74). He sees her as a delicate, obedient woman who follows her family’s wishes and societies restriction on women. Jyoti describes Prakash as â€Å"A modern man†¦For Prakash, love was letting go. Independenc... ...el Jasmine, Jyoti has conflicts with her past and the present as she attempts to combine her life as an immigrant and life in India. Jyoti comes to America in order to fulfill her husband, Prakash’s dreams and to lead a more fruitful life. She undergoes her first transformation from an innocent, dutiful daughter to a modern wife when she meets Prakash who calls her Jasmine, then she becomes more American when she meets Lillian Gordon who calls her Jazzy. Later, with Taylor Hayse, who calls her Jase, she starts to accept her past and present together, however seeing her husband’s murderer frightens her. She then moves on to become Bud’s Jane. Jyoti tries to establish a new identity as she learns new American customs, skills, and aspirations. These transactions in her identity are apparent in her attitude towards life and her relationships with men and women.

Intergrated marketing communications

The main form of research for my assignment will be through the library and Internet. I will do research into companies that are based out there as Motorola companies will produce company reports, which can be found either on the Internet or in libraries. This section provides a detailed account of the research undertaken to complete this assignment and further, goes on to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of each particular method. It is used to give support of the benefits thought to be associated with each research method. With my knowledge of the Chinese markets mixed in as well, I will hopefully Produce assignment that will be unbiased and concise. Executive Summary As the number one of the foreign export-import electronic company in China, was in unique position, Motorola has established a strong infrastructure and developed powerful relationships in China. As the China become more open and developed today, all the world organisations are likely to build their business in China. As the first telecommunication company who is entry in their business in China, Motorola has successfully earned Chinese market, how does this communication skills as they used, this is the main topic of this assignments. 1) China market environment For the BBC news reports: the US businesses community see the world's most populous country as potentially their most profitable market, and the US interests hope an open Chinese market could help pull the economy out of its present slump. Why is that? Thought it took 10 years to build a mobile user base of 10 million in China, the number of subscribers increased from 10 million to 100 million in less than four years. Currently, China mobile telecommunication market is nothing short of Stellar – no other market in the world is adding 5 million mobile subscribes a month (2001) to their customer base. China's mobile communications market, with over 120 million user by mid-2001, has over taken the US to become the largest mobile phone market in the world. China is already the largest market for cellular phones in the world and expected to be the second largest PC market in the world. China is become the second largest telecommunication market by the end the 2003. 1.2) Economic environment — special economic zones in China China now is the biggest consumer market in the world, China have thirteen Special economic zones (SEZ), especially designed for the foreign and private owned investors. The first in Shenzhen in the province of Guangdong in 1979, since then, three further SEZS have been established in south China: Shenzhen, Zhuhai and Shantou in Guangdong, at Xiameng in province of Fujian. After 1984, China making the condition more comfortable for the foreign investment, and in 1998, Hainan Island acquired SEZ status at the same time as being promoted to being autonomous province. The SEZ are able to accept foreign investment in virtually any area of economic activity of interest to China, including all the service and production area. Since 1990, foreigners are now to engage in land development, and to install electric power and telephone service to operate utilities in one of the designated investments zones. All the technologies investments are reduced of taxation. The all of 13 SEZ zones include Dalian, Fujian, Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Hainan, Ningbo, Qingdao, Shanghai, Shantou, Tianjing, Xiamei, Zhandjiagang, and Shenzhen. Preferential administrative producedures and tax incentives would be available for the foreign investors with in economic zones. 1.3) China mobile market information Before we justified Motorola's marketing communications plan, we need look at what kind of market do we stay in at? What is in here? As this assignment's topic is Motorola PLC (China), So we need look at what is China mobile market current situation. As by report, China mobile communication market is developing rapidly. The number of mobile phone subscribers in China increased from 6.85 million in 1996 to 85.26 million in 2000. The year 2000 saw an additional increase of by 41.97 million, exceeding the number of new subscribers of fixed phone networks for the first time of history. From 1996 to the end of 2000, the average annual rate growth rate of mobile phone subscribes remained 95%. By the end of 2000, the population of the mobile phone hold reached 6.7%, it is estimated that the total number of mobile phone subscribers in China will reach 250 million in 2005. So that took 10 years to build a mobile user base of 10 million in China, the number of subscribers increased from 10 million to 100 million in less than four years. Wow, that is how cheerful news for the each company who want doing their business in Chinese market. 2) Organisation—Motorola (China) For the topic above that, I choose Motorola Company in China as my selected company. Motorola inc, the world's leading company in offering integrated communications and imbedded electronics solutions, was set up in 1928, beginning from marking rectifier and motor radio, Motorola grow up in 1940s and 1950s, gradually became a transactional company in 1960s from when it began to develop its overseas market. Now, Motorola has over 110,000 employees around the world. Its operations cover wireless communication, semiconductor, automobile electronic, broad brand, Internet and Internet access products. Motorola is the leader in mobile phone, paging, two-way radio, and commercial GSM and CDMA. In 2001, the company has scored a total sales volume of US $30 billion. Motorola Company established its branch in Beijing in 1987 and registered in Tianjin Motorola semi-conductor and car appliances. In 1992, Motorola has set up Motorola (China) electronics LTD. In Tianjin has begun to produce beep-pager, mobile phone, two-way radio, wireless communication facilities, semiconductor, automobile electronics etc. Motorola is the largest foreign investor in China. Over the past 15 years, company has invested 28.5 billion Yuan ($3.4 billion, about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.7 billion). Motorola (China) has consisted of 1 owned factory, 1 holding company, 8 R&D facilities and 26 sales offices. Motorola china employs total revenue for 2002 reached 47 billion Yuan ($5.7 billion, about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.85 billion), up to 16 % from when was ($3.6 billion, about à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½1.8 billion) one of the largest exports in China. Motorola entered China at a prime time when mobile communication novel idea and no one was selling. As a result, the company enjoy success in selling its pager as tens millions of Chinese wanted convenience and symbol of social status (this is Chinese momentum and a strong emphasis on design and marketing, Motorola hold the largest market share in China, about 28%, as its brand is with best in quality, features and form factor. In 2001, Motorola Company with a total sales volume of $4.9 billion in China entered into a 1.44 billion dollars network construction and expansion contract with suppliers like China telecom and Unicom. The company has a staff about 15,000 in China. Motorola is the number one provider of micro controller products, which more than 18 percent of the global market. Motorola Company has been first in its market share in China in three consecutive years. According to the 500 strongest foreign-invested companies in China, in place of Shanghai Volkswagen, which it has kept title in nine years. Over the years, Motorola has developed a unique strategy for the emphasizing technology transfer, continuing investment and association cultures. The company has invested all its profits from china back gradually localized its China operations (nearly all Motorola China company's Chinese, 75% of managers). At present, Motorola with eight co-invested companies in China is actively implementing various co-operation projects in the fields of new and hi-tech technology research and developments with famous universities, scientific research institutions and enterprise in China. Motorola is a major supplier of mobile communication equipment which including mobile switches, base stations and handsets for GSM and company is one of the few companies that can offer complete CDM (infrastructure and handsets). Until now, Motorola (China) has made up to 64 million (RMB) donations to China hope project, tertiary education, flood salvation and western development. The company has launched brand all of the China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Zhejiang, Hunan, Tianjing, Suzhou, Hainan, etc. Anywhere have mobile user there is a Motorola. 3) Motorola China mission statement Vision – To be the standard against which others are measured Mission – To make aspiration quality accessible to all Values – Quality value, service, innovation and trust Motorola is China to stay and grow. Motorola has to date invested US $34.5 billion in china and employs 13,000 people on the Chinese mainland. It is the big foreign investor industry and it is one of the biggest American investors in the Chinese market. Motorola's relationship with Chinese government officials is continuing. Incapacity neighbour Beijing, manufacturing pagers, mobile phones, semiconductors and other wireless communications equipment. In April 1998, it moved its north Asian office from Hong Kong to Beijing. Comparing to other foreign competitors, Motorola have a long-term vision in the Chinese market. Motorola entered China in 1987 and registered in 1992 a company in Tianjin, a mu For us to fully understand the recent success of a greatest China â€Å"institution†, and how they can build upon its success, we must first examine the infrastructure of the company itself. 4) Model for Integrated Marketing Communication Integrated Marketing Communication is more than the coordination of a company's outgoing message between different media and the consistency of the message throughout. It is an aggressive marketing plan that captures and uses an extensive amount of customer information in setting and tracking marketing strategy. Steps in an Integrated Marketing system are: 1.Customer Database an essential element to implementing Integrated Marketing that helps to segment and analyse customer-buying habits. 2.Strategies Insight from analysis of customer data is used to shape marketing, sales, and communications strategies. 3.Tactics Once the basic strategy is determined the appropriate marketing tactics can be specified which best targets the specific markets. 4.Evaluate Results Customer responses and new information about buying habits are collected and analysed to determine the effectiveness of the strategy and tactics. 5.Complete the loop. 5) Customer target of Motorola China As the Motorola has wide range of mobile products, the vary of products designed as different of user group. For the Motorola (China), I selected four diverse of target marketing groups that are: fashion user; heavy user, social life lover user and high technology user. * Fashion user Most of young generation and between age 20-40, who loves to carry the new design and functional mobile phones, and change their mobile phone frequently. They more care about their appearance of mobile phones such as size, colour and diversified functions. The advertisement for this group should trend these side of behaviour. However, the product targeting of these group are only a short life cycle, the company should to contours move forward their product design, to lead the mobile market fashion. * Heavy user Normally they are successful businessman and woman, professionals and private company owner, are aged which above 30 years old, with a higher incomer. The people in this group as show in mobile as their necessary tools for their business or jobs, not kind of fashion staff. They always are early holders of mobiles phones, for them, it is good to stick with one brand, not always change, because they don't seems to have a time to use new manure. Therefore, for this group need have much high quality of the product and faultless customer service, also this group is much loyal in certain brands compare with other group, so it is very important to reach this group's customer. * Social life lover user This group might not that rich, but they are very active, enjoys pup, restaurant, nightclub all those kind of staff. They like to make friends and more care about their families. A mobile phone is the best tools for them to communicate with other and keeping in touch. They may not enjoy getting a very attractive appearance or very complicate functional mobile phones; the people in this group are much sensitive to the price of the phone than other groups, because they normally do not have very higher income and only got average salary. They normally are patient to wait about sales promotions in order to get good price with good deals. For this target of view, the profit margin of mobile phones targeting for this group are focused on lower price. However, with the increasing number of the mobile phones holder, this group's people are quickly growth and make more contribution to the growth of the market size. So, we cannot disregard the exist of this group. * Technology user This group's customer are normally male, high educated, the age of them are between 25-50. They are very interested to try advanced technology, and always seek new mobile phones with innovative technology and wide functions. Customers in this group are more likely try some new accessories connecting to the mobile phones and other personal digital equipment, such as ‘Is this mobile phone are good to connect to the laptop or Internet or is this mobile phone have a good camera'? 6) Promotion methods – Cross promotion Sometimes the cross-promotions that happen between different industries work so well. One company actually buys the expertise of the other and opens an outlet incorporating both. Benetton and Motorola rolled out an elegant line of pagers as â€Å"fashion accessories.† The cross-promotional partners' vision is to make the humble pager a fashion statement, with customers wearing matching clothing and pagers on their belts. Motorola persuaded Benetton to license its name and provide â€Å"creative consultation† to Motorola's paging division, which manufactures the new devices. Motorola Pagers, in colours ranging from â€Å"raspberry purple† to â€Å"buttermilk† will be advertised on Benetton models will have the United Colours of Benetton slogan stamped on them, which both gives Motorola and Benetton an advertisement, is called moving advertisement in the China. 6.1) Master card international and Motorola alliance MasterCard International and Motorola companies announced that each would commit resources in a joint effort to make m-commerce a reality for consumers worldwide. Motorola and MasterCard will collaborate on continuing research and development projects to assure interoperability between MasterCard's electronic payment systems and Motorola's wireless Internet devices and platforms. The two companies plan to develop next-generation m-commerce technologies that support the initiatives of the newly formed Global Mobile Commerce Interoperability Group (GMCIG), of which both companies are key members. The alliance also includes cooperation on a number of key initiatives to promote the benefits of m-commerce to consumers through joint marketing activities. The companies also plan to work together to adapt existing, intelligent payment systems for the mobile environment. These systems include MasterCard M/Chip(tm), its chip-based integrated credit/debit system, and Mondex(tm), MasterCard's chip-based electronic cash payment system. Motorola's alliance with MasterCard will enable Motorola to work closely with MasterCard's 22,000 member financial institutions. As a result, Motorola expects to realize continued improvements in the capabilities and functionality of its existing wireless Internet devices and platforms. Both companies also will benefit from the respective experience, leadership and brand recognition of the other – Motorola with its reputation as a global communications leader and pioneer of the wireless Internet, and MasterCard as the most widely-accepted electronic payment brand in the world and a catalyst for the development of m-commerce solutions. 7) List of stakeholders— Motorola China Manufactory & Products: Motorola have a range of products, which include pages, mobile phones, Internet and Internet access products. The integrated electronic system sector, we called them ‘IESS' in Motorola, formally as known as ACCES (automotive, computer and communication components and energy sector), consists as two parts: the energy system group (ESG) and the automotive and industrial electronics group (AIEG). ESG Tannin factory has several SMT assembly lines, with high-precision mounting capability and speed, the factory is capable of producing a wide range of PCB electronics products, to meet the requirements of customers. ESG Tianjin now produces nearly 100 types of batteries of various series for Motorola's company, V series, time port, talk about, two-way radio products and other electronic devices. The Motorola (China) factory is played an important role of Motorola's development strategy. Suppliers: Motorola have about 700 direct supplier or indirect supplier of Motorola China for total 13,000 employees. Distributors: These are the sources for companies to deliver their products throughout the market. The primary distributors are the state funded networks and the larger distributor networks throughout the China. A key government network, sponsored by china mobile, is a key network as it sells and distributes other brands. Another strong channels is companies like Cellstar and bright point which are the world's leading global providers of innovative, value – enhancing logistics services to the wireless communications industry. Another channel outlet is the smaller private exclusive distributorship agreements, which Motorola does not depend heavily on. These partner combinations are important for companies who depend on them to get their products to the ever-expanding market regions. Subscribers: By the year 2003, the Motorola mobile phone subscribes in China will reached 75 million, and the number will go up to 200 million by the year of 2004, but most of the market share will be taken by Motorola. The figure 2 is show in the growth of subscribers. Source: Temple University Customers: as I mentioned above, Motorola (China) separately with different customer user group, every group have their characteristics, we need try to carry out diverse of product design, plan and strategy for those various user group. Employees: Motorola has over 110,000 employees around the world, which Motorola (China) has about 13,000 employees, by the end of last year, Motorola (China) has about 700 managerial staff are Chinese, including about 200 female, which accounts 26% of total number. Government: China government structure plays an interesting role in the assumption that foreign companies will maintain dominance. Retailers: the retail distribution for the mobile phone is severely fragmented, but consolidating with industry growth and expansion. As mentioned previously, because of its dominant position, china mobile serves as a major distributor for mobile phone technology producers. Major department stores and retail outlets provide another key outlets for distribution. There is no one way to get products to consumers, as no one company has access to all of the markets in the nation, so providers must develop relationships with many types of outlets to gain market advantage. This is changing as the larger outlets and suppliers are buying up smaller retailers to consolidate their retail capabilities. 8) Marketing goals For the Motorola marketing goals, I think one of the most significant developments in business in recent years has been rapid growth of international activities. Exporting, foreign direct investment and sourcing of products and components abroad have expanded dramatically. Many firms enter new international markets make their company more competitively and new product growing more quickly. The market entry relates to the easy or difficultly with which a firm can become a member of a group of competing firms by producing a close substitute for the products they are offering. The firms must develop a range of products, assets, marketing strategy and management activities for the new market entered. Motorola will emphasis on facilities to make wireless telecom equipment, mobile phone handsets and semiconductors, it already told the largest investor in China electronics industry. Motorola will carries out a win -win development strategy from beginning and bring idea of taking China as its home and development base, to win the Chinese government and people's heart. Example as: with development over 15 years, Motorola has made a big success in China and been turned into a famous brand. In 2000, Motorola (China) is the leading company of 1,000 high-tech companies by china high-tech enterprise evaluation centre. In 2001, Motorola (China) was the biggest foreign import-export company in China. 8.1) Corporate goals In an effort to retake global market share, Motorola is relying on its long-standing local investments, self-expressive branding campaign, and redesigned products platforms to dominate critical emerging markets. Motorola company would continue to invest all of the proceeds of the company the company made from China in expanding production and China's accession into the world trade organization (WTO) and will sell a half of the company's products on the international market. 9) Case at Motorola pull strategy Motorola will purchase US $10.5 billion of components from the Chinese market and will export more than US $12 billion worth of commodities at 2004. Motorola will be using Japan's most popular 3D graphics technologies in its new mobile phones in an effort to claw back sales from market leader Nokia and rising star Samsung. 3D graphics are expected to be a standard feature on mobile phone handsets, especially. Just as with PCs, mobile devices will soon have separate processors for handling graphics because this eases the main processor's workload and allows more complex and better looking applications to be executed. The 3D games will pull some mobile phone users to upgrade. 9.1)) Motorola push strategy Motorola setting up a new application development centre to promote wireless data services among Chinese networks. The company plans to help local telecommunications operators link up with application developers to offer quality control, engineering and logistics support as well as sales and marketing help. Mobile phone companies worldwide are moving to set up data-oriented 3G networks to boost capacity, improve coverage areas, and offer services such as 2.4-megabit-per-second wireless broadband. The data-oriented services are also expected to help make up for plunging revenue from voice calls. 10) Example of marketing communication mix — Motorola Motorola, the world's second largest wireless phone market, held its 2003 product launch in Shanghai, China, with a line up of handsets clearly meant to appeal to buyers not just on functionality but also stylish. As Motorola has historically been perceived as engineering – driven company and its products have reflected that heritage. While that approach has yield some of the market's hall of frame products – such as the 1996 introducing of the star TAC – today's mobile handset market is increasingly focusing on the youth market, where designs that reflected their style s and ‘personal expression' are key. Motorola's product launch event in China was more that just an opportunity to release its new handsets. It was also a showcase meant to highli9ghtr the company's new mindset and marketing strategy that should help it build market share. The Motorola campaign and the 2003 product line seek to embrace that trend. The 2003 line showed off many evolutionary products, including phones with advanced colour displays, a new 3G phones, and a new technology called ‘haptics' that envelops the user in what is best described as a ‘vibration field' that differs depending on the caller. The new handsets also have a strong focus on picture messaging, with many models offering built-in cameras. The company is also keeping cost and manufacturing efficiencies in perspective. Motorola is increasingly adopting the practice of reusing the same chipset and wrapping different hardware and software ‘skin' around them to offer a different looking g product- build on products and sell it in four different ways, there by appealing to a wider range of audiences. Well, today, handsets are not only tools, there are fashion statements, and something can show with personal styles. Motorola now is appealing to there sense of style, in addition to offering advanced phone features. During that lunch, one thing is clear: this is a company that knows that brand equity and defining the brand are important factors. The 200 analysts and media who attend lunch events – every advertising surface between the airport and the hotel were covered with their ‘hello Motorola ‘ ad campaign. The product rollout was treated like a movie premier – something Motorola would never have done few years ago – featuring Motomodels, Motococktails and have course Motophones. The event clearly showed how management has completely retooled and refocused its product strategy for the better. 11) Motorola's strategy plan As Motorola kept their intimated relationship with Chinese government from the beginning of the time when they entered Chinese market, so Chinese government always is the strongest support for the Motorola (China). > The major investment focus will still be around north China's Tianjin area where it launched it production base in 1980s. It will put over two billion Yuan (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½151 million) on Tianjin based Motorola (China) electronic company with in next five years. > The strategy of Motorola is not to seeking quick money returns, but also has a long-term commitment to the China market. The Motorola (China) will adhere to a principle of introducing the latest technology to Chinese market and continues operate with smooth co-operation with domestic partners in the market. The famous 2+3+3 strategy for the Motorola of Chinese operation, this strategy which include building China into a worldwide manufacturing and R&D base for the telecommunications equipment giant. It includes three new growth areas including semiconductors, broadband and digital trucking systems and three $10 billions goals through 2006. > Local sourcing is an important development rule for Motorola in China. Motorola hope takes part of China economic construction by enforcing this rule and strengthening its co-operation with Chinese enterprise. > Motorola will choosing local company supplier, helping them improving their management, enhancing efficiency and promoting quality regulation system, or even will bring them into contract with foreign regulation system. Example as: in year 2001, Motorola had a RMB13.3 billion purchase from Chinese enterprise, including RMB 3.3 billion by overseas branches of Motorola, the amount which is much high than other foreign companies in China. > For the long-standing Chinese culture and specially background (Chinese government are controlled by the communist party), so that Motorola will choose their management team locally. Example: Motorola offering a huge range of training program for their Chinese employee, by the end of 2001, Motorola has a 767 managerial employees are Chinese, which is account of 26% of the total management number. 12) Localization Knowing that consumer preference in the Chinese market is quite different from that in the US or UK market, Motorola started to localize its product development after the initial poor performance of pure ‘global' strategy. Now Motorola adapts its models to meet the specific demand form local markets rather than simply throw the current products into the market without any adjustment. The R&D centre in China successfully developed software to show the menu in Chinese and input Chinese characters. In 1999, a combination PDA/phone, which was designed by Chinese engineers, was launched in China and spread to the us and European countries. Motorola localization strategy also includes local souring. The company takes initiative in establishing relationships with local suppliers. 7 years ago, 65% of components were imported, while 69% of components are purchased locally now. Local souring brings Motorola three major benefits: lowering manufacturing cost, reducing risks from currency fluctuation, and catering to Chinese government's requirements. 13) Advertising and promotions targeted to market groups According to my analysis above, Motorola has four target customer groups, and there are four sub-brands to respectively target the 4 market segments: time port to heavy user, accompli to technology user, V. to fashion user, and talk about to social-life lovers. Different advertisings and promotions are implemented to target these 4 specific categories, which are show in below: Figure 2. Advertising and promotions targeted to market groups